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On the Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in HIV-1 Replication.

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Title: On the Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in HIV-1 Replication.
Authors: MARSILI, GIULIA1 (AUTHOR), BORSETTI, ALESSANDRA1 (AUTHOR), SGARBANTI, MARCO1 (AUTHOR), REMOLI, ANNA LISA1 (AUTHOR), RIDOLFI, BARBARA1 (AUTHOR), STELLACCI, EMILIA1 (AUTHOR), ENSOLI, BARBARA1 (AUTHOR), BATTISTINI, ANGELA1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004, Vol. 1010 Issue 1, p29-42. 14p.
Subjects: Interferons, Antineoplastic agents, HIV, Genes, Lymphokines, Immunoregulation, Immune system, Genetic regulation, Physiological control systems
Abstract: Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that possess several biological activities and play a central role in basic and applied research as mediators of antiviral and antigrowth responses, modulators of the immune system, and therapeutic agents against viral diseases and cancer. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) have been identified together with signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) from studies on the type I IFN as well as IFN-stimulated (ISG) gene regulation and signaling. IRFs constitute a family of transcriptional activators and repressors implicated in multiple biological processes including regulation of immune responses and host defence, cytokine signaling, cell growth regulation, and hematopoietic development. All members share a well-conserved DNA binding domain at the NH2-terminal region that recognizes similar DNA sequences, termed IRF element (IRF-E)/interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE), present on the promoter of target genes. Recently, a sequence homologous to the ISRE has been identified downstream from the 5' human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). This sequence is a binding site for IRF-1 and IRF-2. Here we briefly summarize the role of IRFs in the regulation of HIV-1 LTR transcriptional activity and virus replication. The overall effect of IRFs on HIV-1 replication will also be discussed in the context of strategies carried out by the virus to counteract the IFN-mediated host defences both in active replication and during the establishment of viral latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: On the Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in HIV-1 Replication.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MARSILI%2C+GIULIA%22">MARSILI, GIULIA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22BORSETTI%2C+ALESSANDRA%22">BORSETTI, ALESSANDRA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22SGARBANTI%2C+MARCO%22">SGARBANTI, MARCO</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22REMOLI%2C+ANNA+LISA%22">REMOLI, ANNA LISA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22RIDOLFI%2C+BARBARA%22">RIDOLFI, BARBARA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22STELLACCI%2C+EMILIA%22">STELLACCI, EMILIA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ENSOLI%2C+BARBARA%22">ENSOLI, BARBARA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22BATTISTINI%2C+ANGELA%22">BATTISTINI, ANGELA</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences%22">Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</searchLink>. 2004, Vol. 1010 Issue 1, p29-42. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interferons%22">Interferons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antineoplastic+agents%22">Antineoplastic agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HIV%22">HIV</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genes%22">Genes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lymphokines%22">Lymphokines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immunoregulation%22">Immunoregulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immune+system%22">Immune system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+regulation%22">Genetic regulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+control+systems%22">Physiological control systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that possess several biological activities and play a central role in basic and applied research as mediators of antiviral and antigrowth responses, modulators of the immune system, and therapeutic agents against viral diseases and cancer. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) have been identified together with signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) from studies on the type I IFN as well as IFN-stimulated (ISG) gene regulation and signaling. IRFs constitute a family of transcriptional activators and repressors implicated in multiple biological processes including regulation of immune responses and host defence, cytokine signaling, cell growth regulation, and hematopoietic development. All members share a well-conserved DNA binding domain at the NH2-terminal region that recognizes similar DNA sequences, termed IRF element (IRF-E)/interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE), present on the promoter of target genes. Recently, a sequence homologous to the ISRE has been identified downstream from the 5' human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). This sequence is a binding site for IRF-1 and IRF-2. Here we briefly summarize the role of IRFs in the regulation of HIV-1 LTR transcriptional activity and virus replication. The overall effect of IRFs on HIV-1 replication will also be discussed in the context of strategies carried out by the virus to counteract the IFN-mediated host defences both in active replication and during the establishment of viral latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1196/annals.1299.005
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Interferons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antineoplastic agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HIV
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      – SubjectFull: Genes
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      – SubjectFull: Lymphokines
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      – SubjectFull: Immune system
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      – SubjectFull: Genetic regulation
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological control systems
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              Text: 2004
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