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Combined Raman and dielectric spectroscopy on the curing behaviour and stress build up of carbon nanotube–epoxy composites

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Title: Combined Raman and dielectric spectroscopy on the curing behaviour and stress build up of carbon nanotube–epoxy composites
Authors: de la Vega, Alejandra1 delavega@tuhh.de, Kovacs, Josef Z.2, Bauhofer, Wolfgang2, Schulte, Karl1
Source: Composites Science & Technology. Aug2009, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p1540-1546. 7p.
Subjects: Carbon nanotubes, Epoxy compounds, Composite materials, Curing, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Raman spectroscopy, Spectrum analysis, Glass transition temperature
Abstract: Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were incorporated into different epoxy matrices to monitor the internal stresses arising from the curing process. The curing reaction of the neat and SWCNT-modified epoxies was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and parallel-plate rheometry. In situ Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements were performed in parallel and the ongoing changes at both spectra were interpreted in terms of evolving stresses. Preliminary investigations were necessary to analyse the temperature dependence of the SWCNT Raman spectra, and its contribution to the overall shifts observed at the curing experiments. Thermal compressive strains were found to develop in the samples only below their glass transition temperature, pointing at a stress releasing effect above it. Chemical shrinkage effects were found to be negligible, or at least undetectable with our technique, in comparison to the temperature-induced Raman shifts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 41586248
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Combined Raman and dielectric spectroscopy on the curing behaviour and stress build up of carbon nanotube–epoxy composites
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+la+Vega%2C+Alejandra%22">de la Vega, Alejandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> delavega@tuhh.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kovacs%2C+Josef+Z%2E%22">Kovacs, Josef Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bauhofer%2C+Wolfgang%22">Bauhofer, Wolfgang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schulte%2C+Karl%22">Schulte, Karl</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Composites+Science+%26+Technology%22">Composites Science & Technology</searchLink>. Aug2009, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p1540-1546. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+nanotubes%22">Carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epoxy+compounds%22">Epoxy compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curing%22">Curing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+spectroscopy%22">Raman spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spectrum+analysis%22">Spectrum analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glass+transition+temperature%22">Glass transition temperature</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were incorporated into different epoxy matrices to monitor the internal stresses arising from the curing process. The curing reaction of the neat and SWCNT-modified epoxies was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and parallel-plate rheometry. In situ Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements were performed in parallel and the ongoing changes at both spectra were interpreted in terms of evolving stresses. Preliminary investigations were necessary to analyse the temperature dependence of the SWCNT Raman spectra, and its contribution to the overall shifts observed at the curing experiments. Thermal compressive strains were found to develop in the samples only below their glass transition temperature, pointing at a stress releasing effect above it. Chemical shrinkage effects were found to be negligible, or at least undetectable with our technique, in comparison to the temperature-induced Raman shifts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.015
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 1540
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epoxy compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composite materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Curing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
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      – SubjectFull: Raman spectroscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Spectrum analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Glass transition temperature
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      – TitleFull: Combined Raman and dielectric spectroscopy on the curing behaviour and stress build up of carbon nanotube–epoxy composites
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            NameFull: Kovacs, Josef Z.
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            NameFull: Bauhofer, Wolfgang
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2009
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              Y: 2009
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