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Freshwater export from the Labrador Current to the North Atlantic Current at the Tail of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland

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Title: Freshwater export from the Labrador Current to the North Atlantic Current at the Tail of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland
Authors: Fratantoni, Paula S. pfratantoni@whoi.edu, McCartney, Michael S.1
Source: Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers. Feb2010, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p258-283. 26p.
Subjects: Ocean currents, Hydrography, Salinity, Climatology, Gulf Stream
Geographic Terms: Grand Banks of Newfoundland, North Atlantic Ocean, Newfoundland & Labrador
Abstract: Abstract: Historical hydrographic data, spanning the period 1896–2006, are used to examine the annual mean and seasonal variations in the distribution of freshwater along and across the shelf/slope boundary along the Labrador and Newfoundland Shelves and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Particular attention is paid to the export of freshwater along the eastern Grand Banks, between Flemish Cap and the Tail of the Grand Banks, as this has long been identified as a preferential region for the loss of mass and freshwater from the boundary. The data are combined into isopycnally averaged long-term annual and monthly mean gridded property fields and the evolving distribution of fresh arctic-origin water is analyzed in fields of salinity anomaly, expressed as departures from the “central water” temperature–salinity relation of the Gulf Stream. The climatology confirms that cold/fresh northern-source waters are advected offshore within the retroflecting Labrador Current along the full length of the boundary between Flemish Cap and the Tail of the Grand Banks. In fact, it is estimated that most of the equatorward baroclinic transport at the boundary must retroflect back toward the north in order to explain the annual mean distribution of salinity in the climatology. While the retroflection of the Labrador Current appears seasonally robust, the freshwater distribution within the retroflection region varies in response to (1) the freshness of the water available for export which is set by the arrival and rapid flushing of the seasonal freshwater pulse at the boundary, (2) seasonal buoyancy forcing at the surface which alters the vertical stratification across the retroflection region, restricting certain isopycnal export pathways, and (3) the density structure along the eastern Grand Banks, which defines the progressive retroflection of the Labrador Current. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 47949643
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Freshwater export from the Labrador Current to the North Atlantic Current at the Tail of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fratantoni%2C+Paula+S%2E%22">Fratantoni, Paula S.</searchLink><i> pfratantoni@whoi.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCartney%2C+Michael+S%2E%22">McCartney, Michael S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Deep-Sea+Research+Part+I%2C+Oceanographic+Research+Papers%22">Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers</searchLink>. Feb2010, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p258-283. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+currents%22">Ocean currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrography%22">Hydrography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salinity%22">Salinity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climatology%22">Climatology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gulf+Stream%22">Gulf Stream</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grand+Banks+of+Newfoundland%22">Grand Banks of Newfoundland</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22North+Atlantic+Ocean%22">North Atlantic Ocean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Newfoundland+%26+Labrador%22">Newfoundland & Labrador</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract: Historical hydrographic data, spanning the period 1896–2006, are used to examine the annual mean and seasonal variations in the distribution of freshwater along and across the shelf/slope boundary along the Labrador and Newfoundland Shelves and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Particular attention is paid to the export of freshwater along the eastern Grand Banks, between Flemish Cap and the Tail of the Grand Banks, as this has long been identified as a preferential region for the loss of mass and freshwater from the boundary. The data are combined into isopycnally averaged long-term annual and monthly mean gridded property fields and the evolving distribution of fresh arctic-origin water is analyzed in fields of salinity anomaly, expressed as departures from the “central water” temperature–salinity relation of the Gulf Stream. The climatology confirms that cold/fresh northern-source waters are advected offshore within the retroflecting Labrador Current along the full length of the boundary between Flemish Cap and the Tail of the Grand Banks. In fact, it is estimated that most of the equatorward baroclinic transport at the boundary must retroflect back toward the north in order to explain the annual mean distribution of salinity in the climatology. While the retroflection of the Labrador Current appears seasonally robust, the freshwater distribution within the retroflection region varies in response to (1) the freshness of the water available for export which is set by the arrival and rapid flushing of the seasonal freshwater pulse at the boundary, (2) seasonal buoyancy forcing at the surface which alters the vertical stratification across the retroflection region, restricting certain isopycnal export pathways, and (3) the density structure along the eastern Grand Banks, which defines the progressive retroflection of the Labrador Current. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.11.006
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 258
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ocean currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Salinity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climatology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gulf Stream
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grand Banks of Newfoundland
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: North Atlantic Ocean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Newfoundland & Labrador
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Freshwater export from the Labrador Current to the North Atlantic Current at the Tail of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland
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            NameFull: Fratantoni, Paula S.
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            NameFull: McCartney, Michael S.
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              Text: Feb2010
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              Y: 2010
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