Scratchpad Memory Management Techniques for Code in Embedded Systems without an MMU.
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| Title: | Scratchpad Memory Management Techniques for Code in Embedded Systems without an MMU. |
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| Authors: | Egger, Bernhard1,2 bernhard.egger@samsung.com, Seungkyun Kim3,4 seungkyun@aces.snu.ac.kr, Choonki Jang4 choonki@aces.snu.ac.kr, Jaejin Lee1,4 jlee@cse.snu.ac.kr, Sang Lyul Min1,4 symin@archi.snu.ac.kr, Heonshik Shin1,4 shinhs@snu.ac.kr |
| Source: | IEEE Transactions on Computers. Aug2010, Vol. 59 Issue 8, p1047-1062. 16p. |
| Subjects: | Compilers (Computer programs), Mathematical optimization, Mathematical programming, Embedded computer systems, Computer programming |
| Abstract: | We propose a code scratchpad memory (SPM) management technique with demand paging for embedded systems that have no memory management unit. Based on profiling information, a postpass optimizer analyzes and optimizes application binaries in a fully automated process. It classifies the code of the application including libraries into three classes based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation: External code is executed directly from the external memory. Pinned code is loaded into the SPM when the application starts and stays in the SPM. Paged code is loaded into/unloaded from the SPM on demand. We evaluate the proposed technique by running 14 embedded applications both on a cycle-accurate ARM processor simulator and an ARM1136JF-S core. On the simulator, the reference case, a four-way set-associative cache, is compared to a direct-mapped cache and an SPM of comparable die area. On average, we observe an improvement of 12 percent in runtime performance and a 21 percent reduction in energy consumption. On the ARM11 board, the reference case run on the 16-KB four-way set-associative cache is compared to the demand paging solution on the 16-KB SPM, optionally supported by the cache. The measured results show both a runtime performance improvement and a reduction of the energy consumption by 23 percent, on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Computers is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 51999187 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Scratchpad Memory Management Techniques for Code in Embedded Systems without an MMU. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Egger%2C+Bernhard%22">Egger, Bernhard</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> bernhard.egger@samsung.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seungkyun+Kim%22">Seungkyun Kim</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo><i> seungkyun@aces.snu.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Choonki+Jang%22">Choonki Jang</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><i> choonki@aces.snu.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jaejin+Lee%22">Jaejin Lee</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo><i> jlee@cse.snu.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sang+Lyul+Min%22">Sang Lyul Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo><i> symin@archi.snu.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heonshik+Shin%22">Heonshik Shin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo><i> shinhs@snu.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22IEEE+Transactions+on+Computers%22">IEEE Transactions on Computers</searchLink>. Aug2010, Vol. 59 Issue 8, p1047-1062. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compilers+%28Computer+programs%29%22">Compilers (Computer programs)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+programming%22">Mathematical programming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Embedded+computer+systems%22">Embedded computer systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+programming%22">Computer programming</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: We propose a code scratchpad memory (SPM) management technique with demand paging for embedded systems that have no memory management unit. Based on profiling information, a postpass optimizer analyzes and optimizes application binaries in a fully automated process. It classifies the code of the application including libraries into three classes based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation: External code is executed directly from the external memory. Pinned code is loaded into the SPM when the application starts and stays in the SPM. Paged code is loaded into/unloaded from the SPM on demand. We evaluate the proposed technique by running 14 embedded applications both on a cycle-accurate ARM processor simulator and an ARM1136JF-S core. On the simulator, the reference case, a four-way set-associative cache, is compared to a direct-mapped cache and an SPM of comparable die area. On average, we observe an improvement of 12 percent in runtime performance and a 21 percent reduction in energy consumption. On the ARM11 board, the reference case run on the 16-KB four-way set-associative cache is compared to the demand paging solution on the 16-KB SPM, optionally supported by the cache. The measured results show both a runtime performance improvement and a reduction of the energy consumption by 23 percent, on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Computers is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1109/TC.2009.188 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 1047 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Compilers (Computer programs) Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematical programming Type: general – SubjectFull: Embedded computer systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Computer programming Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Scratchpad Memory Management Techniques for Code in Embedded Systems without an MMU. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Egger, Bernhard – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Seungkyun Kim – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Choonki Jang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jaejin Lee – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sang Lyul Min – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Heonshik Shin IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: Aug2010 Type: published Y: 2010 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00189340 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 59 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: IEEE Transactions on Computers Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
