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What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers.

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Title: What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers.
Authors: Banin, L.1,2, Feldpausch, T. R.1, Phillips, O. L.1, Baker, T. R.1, Lloyd, J.1,3, Affum-Baffoe, K.4, Arets, E. J. M. M.5, Berry, N. J.1,6, Bradford, M.7, Brienen, R. J. W.1,8, Davies, S.9,10, Drescher, M.11, Higuchi, N.12, Hilbert, D. W.7, Hladik, A.13, Iida, Y.14, Salim, K. Abu15, Kassim, A. R.16, King, D. A.17, Lopez-Gonzalez, G.1
Source: Global Ecology & Biogeography. Dec2012, Vol. 21 Issue 12, p1179-1190. 12p.
Subjects: Forest ecology, Biogeography, Asymptotic distribution, Plant diversity, Allometry, Dipterocarpaceae, Legumes
Geographic Terms: Tropics
Abstract: Aim To test the extent to which the vertical structure of tropical forests is determined by environment, forest structure or biogeographical history. Location Pan-tropical. Methods Using height and diameter data from 20,497 trees in 112 non-contiguous plots, asymptotic maximum height ( HAM) and height-diameter relationships were computed with nonlinear mixed effects ( NLME) models to: (1) test for environmental and structural causes of differences among plots, and (2) test if there were continental differences once environment and structure were accounted for; persistence of differences may imply the importance of biogeography for vertical forest structure. NLME analyses for floristic subsets of data (only/excluding Fabaceae and only/excluding Dipterocarpaceae individuals) were used to examine whether family-level patterns revealed biogeographical explanations of cross-continental differences. Results HAM and allometry were significantly different amongst continents. HAM was greatest in Asian forests (58.3 ± 7.5 m, 95% CI), followed by forests in Africa (45.1 ± 2.6 m), America (35.8 ± 6.0 m) and Australia (35.0 ± 7.4 m), and height-diameter relationships varied similarly; for a given diameter, stems were tallest in Asia, followed by Africa, America and Australia. Precipitation seasonality, basal area, stem density, solar radiation and wood density each explained some variation in allometry and HAM yet continental differences persisted even after these were accounted for. Analyses using floristic subsets showed that significant continental differences in HAM and allometry persisted in all cases. Main conclusions Tree allometry and maximum height are altered by environmental conditions, forest structure and wood density. Yet, even after accounting for these, tropical forest architecture varies significantly from continent to continent. The greater stature of tropical forests in Asia is not directly determined by the dominance of the family Dipterocarpaceae, as on average non-dipterocarps are equally tall. We hypothesise that dominant large-statured families create conditions in which only tall species can compete, thus perpetuating a forest dominated by tall individuals from diverse families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers.
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  Data: Aim To test the extent to which the vertical structure of tropical forests is determined by environment, forest structure or biogeographical history. Location Pan-tropical. Methods Using height and diameter data from 20,497 trees in 112 non-contiguous plots, asymptotic maximum height ( HAM) and height-diameter relationships were computed with nonlinear mixed effects ( NLME) models to: (1) test for environmental and structural causes of differences among plots, and (2) test if there were continental differences once environment and structure were accounted for; persistence of differences may imply the importance of biogeography for vertical forest structure. NLME analyses for floristic subsets of data (only/excluding Fabaceae and only/excluding Dipterocarpaceae individuals) were used to examine whether family-level patterns revealed biogeographical explanations of cross-continental differences. Results HAM and allometry were significantly different amongst continents. HAM was greatest in Asian forests (58.3 ± 7.5 m, 95% CI), followed by forests in Africa (45.1 ± 2.6 m), America (35.8 ± 6.0 m) and Australia (35.0 ± 7.4 m), and height-diameter relationships varied similarly; for a given diameter, stems were tallest in Asia, followed by Africa, America and Australia. Precipitation seasonality, basal area, stem density, solar radiation and wood density each explained some variation in allometry and HAM yet continental differences persisted even after these were accounted for. Analyses using floristic subsets showed that significant continental differences in HAM and allometry persisted in all cases. Main conclusions Tree allometry and maximum height are altered by environmental conditions, forest structure and wood density. Yet, even after accounting for these, tropical forest architecture varies significantly from continent to continent. The greater stature of tropical forests in Asia is not directly determined by the dominance of the family Dipterocarpaceae, as on average non-dipterocarps are equally tall. We hypothesise that dominant large-statured families create conditions in which only tall species can compete, thus perpetuating a forest dominated by tall individuals from diverse families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00778.x
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        Text: English
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    Subjects:
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biogeography
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      – SubjectFull: Asymptotic distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Plant diversity
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      – SubjectFull: Tropics
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