Water for food: The global virtual water trade network.
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| Title: | Water for food: The global virtual water trade network. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Konar, M.1, Dalin, C.1, Suweis, S.1,2, Hanasaki, N.3, Rinaldo, A.2,4, Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.1 |
| Source: | Water Resources Research. 2011, Vol. 47 Issue 5, pn/a-n/a. 17p. |
| Subjects: | Water supply research, Food industry, Climate change, Water shortages, Hydrology, Prevention |
| Abstract: | We present a novel conceptual framework and methodology for studying virtual water trade. We utilize complex network theory to analyze the structure of the global virtual water trade associated with the international food trade. In the global virtual water trade network, the nations that participate in the international food trade correspond to the nodes, and the links represent the flows of virtual water associated with the trade of food from the country of export to the country of import. We find that the number of trade connections follows an exponential distribution, except for the case of import trade relationships, while the volume of water that each nation trades compares well with a stretched exponential distribution, indicating high heterogeneity of flows between nations. There is a power law relationship between the volume of virtual water traded and the number of trade connections of each nation. Highly connected nations are preferentially linked to poorly connected nations and exhibit low levels of clustering. However, when the volume of virtual water traded is taken into account, this structure breaks down. This indicates a global hierarchy, in which nations that trade large volumes of water are more likely to link to and cluster with other nations that trade large volumes of water, particularly when the direction of trade is considered. Nations that play a critical role in maintaining the global network architecture are highlighted. Our analysis provides the necessary framework for the development of a model of global virtual water trade aimed at applications ranging from network optimization to climate change impact evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Water Resources Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 87147324 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Water for food: The global virtual water trade network. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Konar%2C+M%2E%22">Konar, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dalin%2C+C%2E%22">Dalin, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suweis%2C+S%2E%22">Suweis, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hanasaki%2C+N%2E%22">Hanasaki, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rinaldo%2C+A%2E%22">Rinaldo, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodriguez-Iturbe%2C+I%2E%22">Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Water+Resources+Research%22">Water Resources Research</searchLink>. 2011, Vol. 47 Issue 5, pn/a-n/a. 17p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+supply+research%22">Water supply research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Food+industry%22">Food industry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+shortages%22">Water shortages</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrology%22">Hydrology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prevention%22">Prevention</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: We present a novel conceptual framework and methodology for studying virtual water trade. We utilize complex network theory to analyze the structure of the global virtual water trade associated with the international food trade. In the global virtual water trade network, the nations that participate in the international food trade correspond to the nodes, and the links represent the flows of virtual water associated with the trade of food from the country of export to the country of import. We find that the number of trade connections follows an exponential distribution, except for the case of import trade relationships, while the volume of water that each nation trades compares well with a stretched exponential distribution, indicating high heterogeneity of flows between nations. There is a power law relationship between the volume of virtual water traded and the number of trade connections of each nation. Highly connected nations are preferentially linked to poorly connected nations and exhibit low levels of clustering. However, when the volume of virtual water traded is taken into account, this structure breaks down. This indicates a global hierarchy, in which nations that trade large volumes of water are more likely to link to and cluster with other nations that trade large volumes of water, particularly when the direction of trade is considered. Nations that play a critical role in maintaining the global network architecture are highlighted. Our analysis provides the necessary framework for the development of a model of global virtual water trade aimed at applications ranging from network optimization to climate change impact evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Water Resources Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1029/2010WR010307 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 17 StartPage: n/a Subjects: – SubjectFull: Water supply research Type: general – SubjectFull: Food industry Type: general – SubjectFull: Climate change Type: general – SubjectFull: Water shortages Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrology Type: general – SubjectFull: Prevention Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Water for food: The global virtual water trade network. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Konar, M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dalin, C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Suweis, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hanasaki, N. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rinaldo, A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: 2011 Type: published Y: 2011 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00431397 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 47 – Type: issue Value: 5 Titles: – TitleFull: Water Resources Research Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
