Measuring Latency in Virtual Environments.
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| Title: | Measuring Latency in Virtual Environments. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Friston, Sebastian1, Steed, Anthony1 |
| Source: | IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics. Apr2014, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p616-625. 10p. |
| Subjects: | Virtual reality, Computer systems, Interactive computer systems, Augmented reality, Synchronization |
| Abstract: | Latency of interactive computer systems is a product of the processing, transport and synchronisation delays inherent to the components that create them. In a virtual environment (VE) system, latency is known to be detrimental to a user's sense of immersion, physical performance and comfort level. Accurately measuring the latency of a VE system for study or optimisation, is not straightforward. A number of authors have developed techniques for characterising latency, which have become progressively more accessible and easier to use. In this paper, we characterise these techniques. We describe a simple mechanical simulator designed to simulate a VE with various amounts of latency that can be finely controlled (to within 3ms). We develop a new latency measurement technique called Automated Frame Counting to assist in assessing latency using high speed video (to within 1ms). We use the mechanical simulator to measure the accuracy of Steed's and Di Luca's measurement techniques, proposing improvements where they may be made. We use the methods to measure latency of a number of interactive systems that may be of interest to the VE engineer, with a significant level of confidence. All techniques were found to be highly capable however Steed's Method is both accurate and easy to use without requiring specialised hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 95069103 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Measuring Latency in Virtual Environments. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Friston%2C+Sebastian%22">Friston, Sebastian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steed%2C+Anthony%22">Steed, Anthony</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22IEEE+Transactions+on+Visualization+%26+Computer+Graphics%22">IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics</searchLink>. Apr2014, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p616-625. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Virtual+reality%22">Virtual reality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+systems%22">Computer systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interactive+computer+systems%22">Interactive computer systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Augmented+reality%22">Augmented reality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synchronization%22">Synchronization</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Latency of interactive computer systems is a product of the processing, transport and synchronisation delays inherent to the components that create them. In a virtual environment (VE) system, latency is known to be detrimental to a user's sense of immersion, physical performance and comfort level. Accurately measuring the latency of a VE system for study or optimisation, is not straightforward. A number of authors have developed techniques for characterising latency, which have become progressively more accessible and easier to use. In this paper, we characterise these techniques. We describe a simple mechanical simulator designed to simulate a VE with various amounts of latency that can be finely controlled (to within 3ms). We develop a new latency measurement technique called Automated Frame Counting to assist in assessing latency using high speed video (to within 1ms). We use the mechanical simulator to measure the accuracy of Steed's and Di Luca's measurement techniques, proposing improvements where they may be made. We use the methods to measure latency of a number of interactive systems that may be of interest to the VE engineer, with a significant level of confidence. All techniques were found to be highly capable however Steed's Method is both accurate and easy to use without requiring specialised hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1109/TVCG.2014.30 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 616 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Virtual reality Type: general – SubjectFull: Computer systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Interactive computer systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Augmented reality Type: general – SubjectFull: Synchronization Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Measuring Latency in Virtual Environments. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Friston, Sebastian – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Steed, Anthony IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2014 Type: published Y: 2014 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10772626 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 20 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
