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Codeine-related deaths: The role of pharmacogenetics and drug interactions.

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Title: Codeine-related deaths: The role of pharmacogenetics and drug interactions.
Authors: Lam, Jessica1,2, Woodall, Karen L.3, Solbeck, Patricia3, Ross, Colin J. D.4,5, Carleton, Bruce C.5,6,7, Hayden, Michael R.4,5, Koren, Gideon1,2,8, Madadi, Parvaz2,3 parvaz.madadi@gmail.com
Source: Forensic Science International. 2014, Vol. 239, p50-56. 7p.
Subjects: Codeine, Pharmacogenomics, Drug interactions, Genetic polymorphisms, Blood testing
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions on codeine and morphine concentrations in codeine-related deaths (CRD). All CRD in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2008 were identified. Post-mortem blood was analyzed for 22 polymorphisms in 5 genes involved in codeine metabolism and response. Sixty-eight CRD were included in this study. The morphine-to-codeine ratio was significantly correlated with the presence of a CYP2D6 inhibitor at varying potencies (p = 0.0011). The presence of other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (i.e. benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and/or alcohol) was significantly associated with lower codeine concentration as compared to CRD in which other CNS depressants were not detected (p = 0.0002). Individuals who carried the ABCB1 1236T variant had significantly lower morphine concentrations (p = 0.004). In this population of individuals whose cause of death was related to codeine, drug interactions and genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with post-mortem codeine and morphine concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Codeine-related deaths: The role of pharmacogenetics and drug interactions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Forensic+Science+International%22">Forensic Science International</searchLink>. 2014, Vol. 239, p50-56. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Codeine%22">Codeine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pharmacogenomics%22">Pharmacogenomics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+interactions%22">Drug interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+polymorphisms%22">Genetic polymorphisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+testing%22">Blood testing</searchLink>
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  Data: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions on codeine and morphine concentrations in codeine-related deaths (CRD). All CRD in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2008 were identified. Post-mortem blood was analyzed for 22 polymorphisms in 5 genes involved in codeine metabolism and response. Sixty-eight CRD were included in this study. The morphine-to-codeine ratio was significantly correlated with the presence of a CYP2D6 inhibitor at varying potencies (p = 0.0011). The presence of other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (i.e. benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and/or alcohol) was significantly associated with lower codeine concentration as compared to CRD in which other CNS depressants were not detected (p = 0.0002). Individuals who carried the ABCB1 1236T variant had significantly lower morphine concentrations (p = 0.004). In this population of individuals whose cause of death was related to codeine, drug interactions and genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with post-mortem codeine and morphine concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.018
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      – SubjectFull: Drug interactions
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