Codeine-related deaths: The role of pharmacogenetics and drug interactions.
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| Title: | Codeine-related deaths: The role of pharmacogenetics and drug interactions. |
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| Authors: | Lam, Jessica1,2, Woodall, Karen L.3, Solbeck, Patricia3, Ross, Colin J. D.4,5, Carleton, Bruce C.5,6,7, Hayden, Michael R.4,5, Koren, Gideon1,2,8, Madadi, Parvaz2,3 parvaz.madadi@gmail.com |
| Source: | Forensic Science International. 2014, Vol. 239, p50-56. 7p. |
| Subjects: | Codeine, Pharmacogenomics, Drug interactions, Genetic polymorphisms, Blood testing |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions on codeine and morphine concentrations in codeine-related deaths (CRD). All CRD in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2008 were identified. Post-mortem blood was analyzed for 22 polymorphisms in 5 genes involved in codeine metabolism and response. Sixty-eight CRD were included in this study. The morphine-to-codeine ratio was significantly correlated with the presence of a CYP2D6 inhibitor at varying potencies (p = 0.0011). The presence of other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (i.e. benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and/or alcohol) was significantly associated with lower codeine concentration as compared to CRD in which other CNS depressants were not detected (p = 0.0002). Individuals who carried the ABCB1 1236T variant had significantly lower morphine concentrations (p = 0.004). In this population of individuals whose cause of death was related to codeine, drug interactions and genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with post-mortem codeine and morphine concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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