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Influence of sample degradation and tissue depth on blubber cortisol in beluga whales.

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Title: Influence of sample degradation and tissue depth on blubber cortisol in beluga whales.
Authors: Trana, Marci R.1 marcitrana@gmail.com, Roth, James D.1 jim.roth@umanitoba.ca, Tomy, Gregg T.2 gregg.tomy@umanitoba.ca, Anderson, W. Gary1 gary.anderson@umanitoba.ca, Ferguson, Steven H.1,3 steve.ferguson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Source: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology. Jan2015, Vol. 462, p8-13. 6p.
Subjects: Marine mammals, White whale, Blubber, Hydrocortisone, Physiological stress, Steroid hormones, Physiology, Fishes
Abstract: Cortisol concentrations in a variety of biological tissues have been used to obtain short-term to long-term estimates of activation of the physiological stress response. In recent years, blubber has been demonstrated to be a good candidate tissue from which to extract steroid hormones, but no method for extracting cortisol from blubber of any marine mammal has been published and the effects of sample storage and variation in blubber depth on cortisol concentrations are unknown. The objectives of this study were to identify a method for extracting cortisol from blubber in beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) and to evaluate the concentration of hormones in relation to blubber depth and degradation from long-term storage using samples collected and archived over the past 30 years. Cortisol was extracted from blubber of beluga whales by modifying an existing progesterone-blubber extraction method. Cortisol concentrations were lower in degraded samples, but time in storage did not affect cortisol after controlling for sample quality. Cortisol concentrations increased with blubber depth, with highest concentrations in blubber closest to the muscle. These results show that although cortisol in blubber samples collected and archived prior to extraction may be degraded, high quality samples without visible degradation after long-term storage can still yield useful measures of cortisol. Additionally, sample depth should be controlled for during sample collection. These findings provide necessary information for developing accurate sampling protocols for extracting cortisol from blubber of marine mammals, including sampling by biopsy dart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 99697495
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Influence of sample degradation and tissue depth on blubber cortisol in beluga whales.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trana%2C+Marci+R%2E%22">Trana, Marci R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> marcitrana@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roth%2C+James+D%2E%22">Roth, James D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> jim.roth@umanitoba.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tomy%2C+Gregg+T%2E%22">Tomy, Gregg T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> gregg.tomy@umanitoba.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anderson%2C+W%2E+Gary%22">Anderson, W. Gary</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> gary.anderson@umanitoba.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferguson%2C+Steven+H%2E%22">Ferguson, Steven H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><i> steve.ferguson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+%26+Ecology%22">Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology</searchLink>. Jan2015, Vol. 462, p8-13. 6p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+mammals%22">Marine mammals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+whale%22">White whale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blubber%22">Blubber</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrocortisone%22">Hydrocortisone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+stress%22">Physiological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steroid+hormones%22">Steroid hormones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fishes%22">Fishes</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Cortisol concentrations in a variety of biological tissues have been used to obtain short-term to long-term estimates of activation of the physiological stress response. In recent years, blubber has been demonstrated to be a good candidate tissue from which to extract steroid hormones, but no method for extracting cortisol from blubber of any marine mammal has been published and the effects of sample storage and variation in blubber depth on cortisol concentrations are unknown. The objectives of this study were to identify a method for extracting cortisol from blubber in beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) and to evaluate the concentration of hormones in relation to blubber depth and degradation from long-term storage using samples collected and archived over the past 30 years. Cortisol was extracted from blubber of beluga whales by modifying an existing progesterone-blubber extraction method. Cortisol concentrations were lower in degraded samples, but time in storage did not affect cortisol after controlling for sample quality. Cortisol concentrations increased with blubber depth, with highest concentrations in blubber closest to the muscle. These results show that although cortisol in blubber samples collected and archived prior to extraction may be degraded, high quality samples without visible degradation after long-term storage can still yield useful measures of cortisol. Additionally, sample depth should be controlled for during sample collection. These findings provide necessary information for developing accurate sampling protocols for extracting cortisol from blubber of marine mammals, including sampling by biopsy dart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.10.010
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 8
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Marine mammals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: White whale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blubber
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrocortisone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiological stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steroid hormones
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fishes
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of sample degradation and tissue depth on blubber cortisol in beluga whales.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Trana, Marci R.
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            NameFull: Roth, James D.
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            NameFull: Tomy, Gregg T.
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            NameFull: Anderson, W. Gary
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            NameFull: Ferguson, Steven H.
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2015
              Type: published
              Y: 2015
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              Value: 462
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology
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