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Pit Latrines: A Noninvasive Sampling Strategy to Assess Fecal Pathogen Occurrence in Low Resource Communities.

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Title: Pit Latrines: A Noninvasive Sampling Strategy to Assess Fecal Pathogen Occurrence in Low Resource Communities.
Authors: LaHue, Nathaniel1, Alexander, Kathleen A.1,2 kathyalx@vt.edu
Source: Journal of Community Health. Dec2018, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1155-1160. 6p. 2 Charts.
Subject Terms: *Community health services, Cryptosporidium, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Feces, Giardia lamblia, Health behavior, Public health, Restrooms, Statistical sampling, Socioeconomic factors
Abstract: Limited understanding of disease in low resource communities continues to hamper improvements in health. We evaluated household pit latrine sampling as a non-invasive approach to investigate important fecal pathogens such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. in impoverished communities where health-seeking behavior limits the sensitivity of health facility-based surveillance. Fecal samples were collected from pit latrines in randomly selected households and from patients presenting to the only hospital in the region during the same time periods. Samples were tested with a commercially available ELISA. Giardia household prevalence was 28.7% in 2016 and 48.4% in 2017, while individual samples from hospital submission had a Giardia prevalence of 2.4% in 2016 and 8.0% in 2017. Cryptosporidium was only found in one household. Results suggest that pit latrine surveillance for fecal-borne infections provide course estimates of community infection levels that are unbiased by health seeking behaviors and allow surveillance of vulnerable sectors of a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Pit Latrines: A Noninvasive Sampling Strategy to Assess Fecal Pathogen Occurrence in Low Resource Communities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22LaHue%2C+Nathaniel%22">LaHue, Nathaniel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexander%2C+Kathleen+A%2E%22">Alexander, Kathleen A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> kathyalx@vt.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Community+Health%22">Journal of Community Health</searchLink>. Dec2018, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1155-1160. 6p. 2 Charts.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Community+health+services%22">Community health services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cryptosporidium%22">Cryptosporidium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%22">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feces%22">Feces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Giardia+lamblia%22">Giardia lamblia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+behavior%22">Health behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+health%22">Public health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Restrooms%22">Restrooms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink>
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  Data: Limited understanding of disease in low resource communities continues to hamper improvements in health. We evaluated household pit latrine sampling as a non-invasive approach to investigate important fecal pathogens such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. in impoverished communities where health-seeking behavior limits the sensitivity of health facility-based surveillance. Fecal samples were collected from pit latrines in randomly selected households and from patients presenting to the only hospital in the region during the same time periods. Samples were tested with a commercially available ELISA. Giardia household prevalence was 28.7% in 2016 and 48.4% in 2017, while individual samples from hospital submission had a Giardia prevalence of 2.4% in 2016 and 8.0% in 2017. Cryptosporidium was only found in one household. Results suggest that pit latrine surveillance for fecal-borne infections provide course estimates of community infection levels that are unbiased by health seeking behaviors and allow surveillance of vulnerable sectors of a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Community Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10900-018-0535-8
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Community health services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cryptosporidium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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      – SubjectFull: Feces
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      – SubjectFull: Giardia lamblia
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      – SubjectFull: Health behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Public health
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      – SubjectFull: Restrooms
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
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      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
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      – TitleFull: Pit Latrines: A Noninvasive Sampling Strategy to Assess Fecal Pathogen Occurrence in Low Resource Communities.
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              Text: Dec2018
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