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Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Dysphagia in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: A Review of the Literature and International Guidelines.

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Title: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Dysphagia in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: A Review of the Literature and International Guidelines.
Authors: Vergara, José1 josevergaraherazo12@gmail.com, Skoretz, Stacey A.2,3,4, Brodsky, Martin B.5,6,7, Miles, Anna8, Langmore, Susan E.9, Wallace, Sarah10,11, Seedat, Jaishika12, Starmer, Heather M.13, Bolton, Lee14, Clavé, Pere15, Vaz Freitas, Susana16,17,18, Bogaardt, Hans19, Matsuo, Koichiro20, Madeira de Souza, Cinthia21, Figueiredo Mourão, Lucia22
Source: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Nov2020, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p2242-2253. 12p.
Subject Terms: Coronavirus diseases, Deglutition disorders, MEDLINE, Online information services, Systematic reviews, Disease management, Descriptive statistics
Abstract: Purpose: Speech-language pathologists are playing a crucial role in the assessment and management of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Our goal was to synthesize peer-reviewed literature and association guidelines from around the world regarding dysphagia assessment and management for this specific population. Method: A review of publications available in the PubMed database and official guidelines of international groups was performed on May 23, 2020. The information was synthesized and categorized into three content areas for swallowing: clinical evaluation, instrumental assessment, and rehabilitation. Results: Five publications were identified in the PubMed database. Following title, abstract, and full-text review, only three publications met inclusion criteria: two reviews and one narrative report. Additionally, 19 international guidelines were reviewed. To assess swallowing, a modified clinical evaluation was recommended and only following a risk assessment. Instrumental assessments were often considered aerosol generating, especially transnasal procedures such as endoscopy and manometry. For this reason, many associations recommended that these examinations be performed only when essential and with appropriate personal protective equipment. Guidelines recommended that intervention should focus on compensatory strategies, including bolus modification, maneuvers/postural changes, and therapeutic exercises that can be conducted with physical distancing. Respiratory training devices were not recommended during rehabilitation. Conclusions: International associations have provided extensive guidance regarding the level of risk related to the management of dysphagia in this population. To date, there are no scientific papers offering disease and /or recovery profiling for patients with dysphagia and coronavirus disease 2019. As a result, research in this area is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Dysphagia in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: A Review of the Literature and International Guidelines.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vergara%2C+José%22">Vergara, José</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> josevergaraherazo12@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skoretz%2C+Stacey+A%2E%22">Skoretz, Stacey A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brodsky%2C+Martin+B%2E%22">Brodsky, Martin B.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miles%2C+Anna%22">Miles, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Langmore%2C+Susan+E%2E%22">Langmore, Susan E.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wallace%2C+Sarah%22">Wallace, Sarah</searchLink><relatesTo>10,11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seedat%2C+Jaishika%22">Seedat, Jaishika</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Starmer%2C+Heather+M%2E%22">Starmer, Heather M.</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bolton%2C+Lee%22">Bolton, Lee</searchLink><relatesTo>14</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clavé%2C+Pere%22">Clavé, Pere</searchLink><relatesTo>15</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vaz+Freitas%2C+Susana%22">Vaz Freitas, Susana</searchLink><relatesTo>16,17,18</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bogaardt%2C+Hans%22">Bogaardt, Hans</searchLink><relatesTo>19</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matsuo%2C+Koichiro%22">Matsuo, Koichiro</searchLink><relatesTo>20</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Madeira+de+Souza%2C+Cinthia%22">Madeira de Souza, Cinthia</searchLink><relatesTo>21</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Figueiredo+Mourão%2C+Lucia%22">Figueiredo Mourão, Lucia</searchLink><relatesTo>22</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Speech-Language+Pathology%22">American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology</searchLink>. Nov2020, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p2242-2253. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coronavirus+diseases%22">Coronavirus diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deglutition+disorders%22">Deglutition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+management%22">Disease management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: Speech-language pathologists are playing a crucial role in the assessment and management of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Our goal was to synthesize peer-reviewed literature and association guidelines from around the world regarding dysphagia assessment and management for this specific population. Method: A review of publications available in the PubMed database and official guidelines of international groups was performed on May 23, 2020. The information was synthesized and categorized into three content areas for swallowing: clinical evaluation, instrumental assessment, and rehabilitation. Results: Five publications were identified in the PubMed database. Following title, abstract, and full-text review, only three publications met inclusion criteria: two reviews and one narrative report. Additionally, 19 international guidelines were reviewed. To assess swallowing, a modified clinical evaluation was recommended and only following a risk assessment. Instrumental assessments were often considered aerosol generating, especially transnasal procedures such as endoscopy and manometry. For this reason, many associations recommended that these examinations be performed only when essential and with appropriate personal protective equipment. Guidelines recommended that intervention should focus on compensatory strategies, including bolus modification, maneuvers/postural changes, and therapeutic exercises that can be conducted with physical distancing. Respiratory training devices were not recommended during rehabilitation. Conclusions: International associations have provided extensive guidance regarding the level of risk related to the management of dysphagia in this population. To date, there are no scientific papers offering disease and /or recovery profiling for patients with dysphagia and coronavirus disease 2019. As a result, research in this area is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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