Do Scales Measuring Sexist Attitudes have Equivalent Meaning for Sexual Minorities and Majorities?
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| Title: | Do Scales Measuring Sexist Attitudes have Equivalent Meaning for Sexual Minorities and Majorities? |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Cross, Emily J.1 (AUTHOR) ejc@yorku.ca, Muise, Amy1 (AUTHOR), Hammond, Matthew D.2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Sex Roles. Dec2021, Vol. 85 Issue 11/12, p707-720. 14p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph. |
| Subject Terms: | Sexism, Ambivalence, Attitudes toward sex, Gender identity, Sexual orientation identity, Heterosexuality, Interdependence theory, Heterosexual women |
| Abstract: | Ambivalent Sexism Theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) has revolutionised understanding of sexism and generated a new way of examining sexist attitudes using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). One key goal in sexism research is to compare sexist attitudes across different groups, including people with different genders and sexual identities. Before doing so, researchers must be confident that the construct(s) they are comparing are invariant across groups. Given assumptions of heterosexuality, and the central role of heterosexual interdependence, we expected the ASI would be variant across people with different genders and sexual orientations. We conducted multigroup measurement invariance tests between heterosexual women, heterosexual men, lesbian women, and gay men (total N = 1614). Results indicated that hostile sexism and benevolent sexism emerged as separate, related, forms of sexism across groups (i.e., configural invariance was met), but item loadings and intercepts were not equivalent (i.e., loading and intercept invariance was not met). Accordingly, the ASI is not a suitable measurement tool to compare sexist attitudes across sexual minorities (lesbian women and gay men) and majorities (heterosexual women and men). We discuss implications for the centrality of heterosexual interdependence in ambivalent sexism, practical implications for the use of ASI, and we encourage researchers to develop new scales to assess sexism across diverse gender and sexual identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Sex Roles is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 153557553 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Do Scales Measuring Sexist Attitudes have Equivalent Meaning for Sexual Minorities and Majorities? – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cross%2C+Emily+J%2E%22">Cross, Emily J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ejc@yorku.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muise%2C+Amy%22">Muise, Amy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hammond%2C+Matthew+D%2E%22">Hammond, Matthew D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Sex+Roles%22">Sex Roles</searchLink>. Dec2021, Vol. 85 Issue 11/12, p707-720. 14p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexism%22">Sexism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ambivalence%22">Ambivalence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes+toward+sex%22">Attitudes toward sex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+identity%22">Gender identity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+orientation+identity%22">Sexual orientation identity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterosexuality%22">Heterosexuality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interdependence+theory%22">Interdependence theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterosexual+women%22">Heterosexual women</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Ambivalent Sexism Theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) has revolutionised understanding of sexism and generated a new way of examining sexist attitudes using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). One key goal in sexism research is to compare sexist attitudes across different groups, including people with different genders and sexual identities. Before doing so, researchers must be confident that the construct(s) they are comparing are invariant across groups. Given assumptions of heterosexuality, and the central role of heterosexual interdependence, we expected the ASI would be variant across people with different genders and sexual orientations. We conducted multigroup measurement invariance tests between heterosexual women, heterosexual men, lesbian women, and gay men (total N = 1614). Results indicated that hostile sexism and benevolent sexism emerged as separate, related, forms of sexism across groups (i.e., configural invariance was met), but item loadings and intercepts were not equivalent (i.e., loading and intercept invariance was not met). Accordingly, the ASI is not a suitable measurement tool to compare sexist attitudes across sexual minorities (lesbian women and gay men) and majorities (heterosexual women and men). We discuss implications for the centrality of heterosexual interdependence in ambivalent sexism, practical implications for the use of ASI, and we encourage researchers to develop new scales to assess sexism across diverse gender and sexual identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Sex Roles is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11199-021-01248-z Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 14 StartPage: 707 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Sexism Type: general – SubjectFull: Ambivalence Type: general – SubjectFull: Attitudes toward sex Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender identity Type: general – SubjectFull: Sexual orientation identity Type: general – SubjectFull: Heterosexuality Type: general – SubjectFull: Interdependence theory Type: general – SubjectFull: Heterosexual women Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Do Scales Measuring Sexist Attitudes have Equivalent Meaning for Sexual Minorities and Majorities? Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cross, Emily J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Muise, Amy – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hammond, Matthew D. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2021 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03600025 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 85 – Type: issue Value: 11/12 Titles: – TitleFull: Sex Roles Type: main |
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