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DigiSpan: Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Adaptive Test of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory.

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Title: DigiSpan: Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Adaptive Test of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory.
Authors: Dillon, Harvey1,2 harvey.Dillon@mq.edu.au, Boyle, Christian1, Gaikwad, Shrutika1, Luengtaweekul, Ponsuang1,3, Cameron, Sharon1
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Aug2024, Vol. 67 Issue 8, p2729-2742. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Computer adaptive testing, *Auditory perception testing, *Statistical correlation, *Research methodology evaluation, *Experimental design, *Research methodology, *Research, *Short-term memory, *Speech perception, *Inter-observer reliability, *Adults, Reference values, Multitrait multimethod techniques, Medical personnel, T-test (Statistics), Research funding, Research evaluation, Probability theory, Descriptive statistics, Statistical reliability, Psychometrics, Physicians, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Psychosocial factors
Abstract: Purpose: This article describes DigiSpan, a new computer-controlled auditory test of forward and reverse digit span, designed to be administered by clinicians, and presents normative and test-retest reliability data for adults. Method: DigiSpan mimics conventional live-voice tests in that it commences with trials that ascend in length until a stopping criterion is met, giving rise to a conventional scaled score. It then administers five additional adaptive trials, the length of which depends on the correctness of the response to the previous trial. Each of these two segments of the measurement gives rise to a scaled score. The ascending and adaptive scores are averaged to give an overall score and subtracted to produce an internal measure of consistency, and hence reliability. Young adults with an Mage of 25 years (N = 163) were tested, of whom 65 were retested on a separate day. Results: The scaled scores from the conventional ascending trials were highly consistent with existing normative data based on live-voice tests. Combination of the conventional scaled score with a scaled score based on the adaptive trials led to 44% reduction in error variance for forward memory span and 20% reduction for reverse memory span. The average of these (32%) is similar to but (insignificantly) less than the 42% reduction in error variance that can be predicted based on adding the five adaptive trials. Conclusions: Replacing live-voice production of digits by a clinician with recorded, computer-controlled production has not affected the difficulty of the test. Adding five additional trials around the sequence length that a test participant can just remember has produced a decrease in measurement error. In addition, the availability of separate scaled scores for the ascending and adaptive phases enables the reliability of the combined score to be checked, for both forward and reverse measurements. The combination of standardized delivery, increased accuracy, internal reliability check, and fast automated scoring makes the test highly suitable for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: DigiSpan: Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Adaptive Test of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Aug2024, Vol. 67 Issue 8, p2729-2742. 14p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: This article describes DigiSpan, a new computer-controlled auditory test of forward and reverse digit span, designed to be administered by clinicians, and presents normative and test-retest reliability data for adults. Method: DigiSpan mimics conventional live-voice tests in that it commences with trials that ascend in length until a stopping criterion is met, giving rise to a conventional scaled score. It then administers five additional adaptive trials, the length of which depends on the correctness of the response to the previous trial. Each of these two segments of the measurement gives rise to a scaled score. The ascending and adaptive scores are averaged to give an overall score and subtracted to produce an internal measure of consistency, and hence reliability. Young adults with an Mage of 25 years (N = 163) were tested, of whom 65 were retested on a separate day. Results: The scaled scores from the conventional ascending trials were highly consistent with existing normative data based on live-voice tests. Combination of the conventional scaled score with a scaled score based on the adaptive trials led to 44% reduction in error variance for forward memory span and 20% reduction for reverse memory span. The average of these (32%) is similar to but (insignificantly) less than the 42% reduction in error variance that can be predicted based on adding the five adaptive trials. Conclusions: Replacing live-voice production of digits by a clinician with recorded, computer-controlled production has not affected the difficulty of the test. Adding five additional trials around the sequence length that a test participant can just remember has produced a decrease in measurement error. In addition, the availability of separate scaled scores for the ascending and adaptive phases enables the reliability of the combined score to be checked, for both forward and reverse measurements. The combination of standardized delivery, increased accuracy, internal reliability check, and fast automated scoring makes the test highly suitable for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00466
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 2729
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      – SubjectFull: Computer adaptive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Auditory perception testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Research
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      – SubjectFull: Short-term memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inter-observer reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Reference values
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      – SubjectFull: Medical personnel
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
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      – TitleFull: DigiSpan: Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Adaptive Test of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory.
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              Text: Aug2024
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