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North Dakota.

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Title: North Dakota.
Authors: Parrish, Dustin1, George, R. Jefferson1, Camp, William1
Source: Journal of Education Human Resources. 2025 Supplement1, Vol. 43 Issue S1, p109-116. 8p.
Subject Terms: *Educational finance, *Educational equalization, *COVID-19 pandemic, *Teaching aids, *School districts
Geographic Terms: North Dakota
Abstract: The North Dakota P-12 education funding framework, updated from 2013–2014, aims to provide equitable financial support across districts, factoring local property valuation and various student needs, such as special education and English proficiency. During the 2023–2024 school year, base per-student spending reached $14,041, including the targeted multipliers for sparse, small districts, and economically disadvantaged students. Virtual learning options, provided through legislative initiatives like House Bill 1376, grant either parent-paid or district-funded methods of educational financial assistance. Additionally, the North Dakota Common School Trust Fund allowed for substantial K-12 financial support, primarily oil-funded. Additional resources focus on career and technical education, transportation, and Native American educational needs, while supplemented via post-pandemic recovery investments regarding leadership and instructional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Education Human Resources is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Education+Human+Resources%22">Journal of Education Human Resources</searchLink>. 2025 Supplement1, Vol. 43 Issue S1, p109-116. 8p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+finance%22">Educational finance</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+equalization%22">Educational equalization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teaching+aids%22">Teaching aids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+districts%22">School districts</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22North+Dakota%22">North Dakota</searchLink>
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  Data: The North Dakota P-12 education funding framework, updated from 2013–2014, aims to provide equitable financial support across districts, factoring local property valuation and various student needs, such as special education and English proficiency. During the 2023–2024 school year, base per-student spending reached $14,041, including the targeted multipliers for sparse, small districts, and economically disadvantaged students. Virtual learning options, provided through legislative initiatives like House Bill 1376, grant either parent-paid or district-funded methods of educational financial assistance. Additionally, the North Dakota Common School Trust Fund allowed for substantial K-12 financial support, primarily oil-funded. Additional resources focus on career and technical education, transportation, and Native American educational needs, while supplemented via post-pandemic recovery investments regarding leadership and instructional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Education Human Resources is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3138/jehr-2024-0072
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 109
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Educational finance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational equalization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 pandemic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teaching aids
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      – SubjectFull: School districts
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      – SubjectFull: North Dakota
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              Text: 2025 Supplement1
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              Y: 2025
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