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Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021.

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Title: Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021.
Authors: Bhagavathula, Akshaya1 Akshaya.Bhagavathula@ndsu.edu, Price, James H.2 jprice@utnet.utoledo.edu, Khubchandani, Jagdish3 jagdish@nmsu.edu
Source: Journal of Community Health. Jun2025, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p454-463. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Retrospective studies, Wounds & injuries, Violence, Sex distribution, Firearms, Time series analysis, Hospital emergency services, Descriptive statistics, Age distribution, Gunshot wounds, Race, Medical records, Acquisition of data, Health equity, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Firearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S. working-age adults from 2000 to 2021. A retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (NEISS-FISS) was conducted with a focus on non-fatal firearm injuries reported in emergency departments across a nationally representative sample of hospitals. Descriptive statistics were used to explore disparities across different demographic groups. Trends were assessed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) and Joinpoint regression analysis. Between 2000 and 2021, an estimated 2.36 million non-fatal firearm injuries occurred, with males accounting for 85.7% and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) representing 48.8% of injuries. Firearm injuries were commonly associated with crime (29.8%), physical fights (24.7%), alcohol/substance use (17.7%), and verbal arguments (17.2%). Most incidents occurred on weekdays (63.7%) and assaults were the most prevalent intent (68.5%), followed by unintentional injuries (21.9%). Handguns (25.1%) and unspecified firearm types (61.2%) were the most commonly involved weapons. From 2000 to 2021, significant increases in firearm injuries were observed among those aged 26–45 years (23.0%), women (21.97%), NHB (42.15%), and those involving assaults (231.9%). Age-specific trends showed a significant annual percentage change (APC) increase of 4.9% for 18–25 years, 12.4% for 26–45 years, and 7.0% for 46–64 years from 2013 to 2021. Racial/ethnic trends revealed a significant APC increase of 5.0% for Non-Hispanic Whites (2014–2021), 25.0% for NHB (2015–2021), and a decrease of -31.3% followed by an increase of 15.6% for Hispanics (2012–2021). The disproportionate burden of firearm injuries among different age and racial/ethnic groups highlights the need for targeted prevention strategies and ongoing monitoring of injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retrospective+studies%22">Retrospective studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wounds+%26+injuries%22">Wounds & injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violence%22">Violence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Firearms%22">Firearms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time+series+analysis%22">Time series analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hospital+emergency+services%22">Hospital emergency services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gunshot+wounds%22">Gunshot wounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Race%22">Race</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+records%22">Medical records</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acquisition+of+data%22">Acquisition of data</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+equity%22">Health equity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: Firearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S. working-age adults from 2000 to 2021. A retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (NEISS-FISS) was conducted with a focus on non-fatal firearm injuries reported in emergency departments across a nationally representative sample of hospitals. Descriptive statistics were used to explore disparities across different demographic groups. Trends were assessed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) and Joinpoint regression analysis. Between 2000 and 2021, an estimated 2.36 million non-fatal firearm injuries occurred, with males accounting for 85.7% and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) representing 48.8% of injuries. Firearm injuries were commonly associated with crime (29.8%), physical fights (24.7%), alcohol/substance use (17.7%), and verbal arguments (17.2%). Most incidents occurred on weekdays (63.7%) and assaults were the most prevalent intent (68.5%), followed by unintentional injuries (21.9%). Handguns (25.1%) and unspecified firearm types (61.2%) were the most commonly involved weapons. From 2000 to 2021, significant increases in firearm injuries were observed among those aged 26–45 years (23.0%), women (21.97%), NHB (42.15%), and those involving assaults (231.9%). Age-specific trends showed a significant annual percentage change (APC) increase of 4.9% for 18–25 years, 12.4% for 26–45 years, and 7.0% for 46–64 years from 2013 to 2021. Racial/ethnic trends revealed a significant APC increase of 5.0% for Non-Hispanic Whites (2014–2021), 25.0% for NHB (2015–2021), and a decrease of -31.3% followed by an increase of 15.6% for Hispanics (2012–2021). The disproportionate burden of firearm injuries among different age and racial/ethnic groups highlights the need for targeted prevention strategies and ongoing monitoring of injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Community Health is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10900-024-01431-9
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Retrospective studies
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      – SubjectFull: Violence
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      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – TitleFull: Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021.
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              Text: Jun2025
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