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An Integrated Approach to Concurrently Measure Corrective and Adaptive Responses to Auditory Errors.

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Title: An Integrated Approach to Concurrently Measure Corrective and Adaptive Responses to Auditory Errors.
Authors: Merrikhi, Yaser1, Parsa, Mohsen1, Daliri, Ayoub1 ayoub.Daliri@asu.edu
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Aug2025, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p3748-3758. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Speech therapists, *Reading, *Statistical correlation, *Research, *Comparative studies, Brain physiology, Head physiology, Physiological adaptation, Research funding, Speech, Task performance, Descriptive statistics, Paradigms (Social sciences), Psychology of movement, Reaction time, Data analysis software, Integrated health care delivery, Psychosocial factors
Abstract: Purpose: The brain relies on feedforward and feedback control systems to produce speech movements. Both control systems use auditory errors to generate responses that ensure the accuracy of speech movements. Traditionally, separate auditory perturbation paradigms are used to examine these control systems in isolation; however, this conventional practice is time-consuming and poses practical challenges. This study aimed to develop a new paradigm to examine both control systems concurrently. Method: We applied different auditory perturbation magnitudes (0, 125, 250, and 500 Hz) and directions (ɛ-to-ɪ ɛ-to-ӕ) that randomly changed every six trials. We measured formant changes during early (0-100 ms) and late (200-300 ms) time points of production. Early response was used to calculate adaptive responses (a measure of the feedforward control system). The difference between late and early responses was used to calculate corrective responses (a measure of the feedback control system). Results: We found that participants produced (a) adaptive and corrective responses in the opposite direction of the perturbation direction and (b) proportionally larger adaptive and corrective responses to the smallest perturbation in the ɛ-to-ɪ direction. Additionally, participants who responded more to ɛ-to-ӕ perturbations also responded more to ɛ-to-ɪ perturbations. Conclusion: These findings suggest that (a) the brain may have similar error sensitivity in the ɛ-to-ɪ and ɛ-to-ӕ directions and considers error magnitudes in preparing its responses to errors, and (b) our proposed paradigm is a promising approach to efficiently and concurrently measure the contributions of the feedback and feedforward controls systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: An Integrated Approach to Concurrently Measure Corrective and Adaptive Responses to Auditory Errors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Merrikhi%2C+Yaser%22">Merrikhi, Yaser</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parsa%2C+Mohsen%22">Parsa, Mohsen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Daliri%2C+Ayoub%22">Daliri, Ayoub</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ayoub.Daliri@asu.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p3748-3758. 11p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+therapists%22">Speech therapists</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading%22">Reading</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+physiology%22">Brain physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Head+physiology%22">Head physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+adaptation%22">Physiological adaptation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech%22">Speech</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paradigms+%28Social+sciences%29%22">Paradigms (Social sciences)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+movement%22">Psychology of movement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+time%22">Reaction time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Integrated+health+care+delivery%22">Integrated health care delivery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychosocial+factors%22">Psychosocial factors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: The brain relies on feedforward and feedback control systems to produce speech movements. Both control systems use auditory errors to generate responses that ensure the accuracy of speech movements. Traditionally, separate auditory perturbation paradigms are used to examine these control systems in isolation; however, this conventional practice is time-consuming and poses practical challenges. This study aimed to develop a new paradigm to examine both control systems concurrently. Method: We applied different auditory perturbation magnitudes (0, 125, 250, and 500 Hz) and directions (ɛ-to-ɪ ɛ-to-ӕ) that randomly changed every six trials. We measured formant changes during early (0-100 ms) and late (200-300 ms) time points of production. Early response was used to calculate adaptive responses (a measure of the feedforward control system). The difference between late and early responses was used to calculate corrective responses (a measure of the feedback control system). Results: We found that participants produced (a) adaptive and corrective responses in the opposite direction of the perturbation direction and (b) proportionally larger adaptive and corrective responses to the smallest perturbation in the ɛ-to-ɪ direction. Additionally, participants who responded more to ɛ-to-ӕ perturbations also responded more to ɛ-to-ɪ perturbations. Conclusion: These findings suggest that (a) the brain may have similar error sensitivity in the ɛ-to-ɪ and ɛ-to-ӕ directions and considers error magnitudes in preparing its responses to errors, and (b) our proposed paradigm is a promising approach to efficiently and concurrently measure the contributions of the feedback and feedforward controls systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=187402260
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00572
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 3748
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Speech therapists
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reading
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Head physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiological adaptation
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Speech
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      – SubjectFull: Task performance
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Paradigms (Social sciences)
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of movement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reaction time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Integrated health care delivery
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      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: An Integrated Approach to Concurrently Measure Corrective and Adaptive Responses to Auditory Errors.
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            NameFull: Merrikhi, Yaser
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            NameFull: Parsa, Mohsen
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
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