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Development and Validation of the Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (NPBBS): Measuring Parenting in High Andean Peru.

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Title: Development and Validation of the Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (NPBBS): Measuring Parenting in High Andean Peru.
Authors: Hinckley, Kristen1,2,3 (AUTHOR) Kristen.hinckley@swisstph.ch, Alvarado, Milagros1,2,3 (AUTHOR), McCoy, Dana Charles4 (AUTHOR), Jäggi, Lena1,2 (AUTHOR), Dormal, Marta4 (AUTHOR), Mäusezahl, Daniel1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Hartinger, Stella M.1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Castellanos, Andreana5 (AUTHOR), Huaylinos Bustamante, María Luisa3 (AUTHOR), Aguilar, Leonel6 (AUTHOR), Gastiaburú Cabello, María Catalina3 (AUTHOR), Quispe Roncal, Nerita Gabriela3 (AUTHOR), Fink, Günther1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Developmental Psychology. Jan2026, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p233-253. 21p.
Subject Terms: *Self-evaluation, *Focus groups, *Research methodology evaluation, *Parenting, *Parent attitudes, *Experimental design, *Research methodology, *Child development, *Factor analysis, Interviewing, Descriptive statistics, Psychometrics, Data analysis software, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Peru
Abstract: Despite growing interest in supporting caregivers' use of nurturing care globally, few parenting measures have been validated for use outside of Minority World contexts. This study aims to develop, describe, and provide validity evidence for an efficient, culturally relevant instrument to measure local nurturing parenting beliefs and behaviors regarding responsive caregiving and early learning within a sample of caregivers of 2- to 5-year-olds in Cajamarca, Peru. We used a multiple methods phased study design to develop the self-reported parenting instrument, Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors Scale, including qualitative interviews, focus groups, cognitive testing, and quantitative pilot testing. The final validation sample included 2,274 mothers of children (Mage = 29.41 months, 49.56% female) from Cajamarca, Peru. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the instrument and correlations and regressions to validate it against parenting and child development outcomes. Results indicate a two-factor structure reflecting nurturing parenting beliefs (α =.84) and behaviors (α =.82). Analyses of concurrent validity showed that the parenting beliefs and behaviors subscales correlated positively with parental stimulation and learning materials. Both parenting beliefs and behaviors positively predicted early childhood development (parent report and direct assessment). This instrument can be used as a starting point for measuring parenting in other Majority World contexts with similar caregiver characteristics. Public Significance Statement: This article contributes a newly developed instrument (Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors) that measures nurturing parenting beliefs and behaviors regarding two components of nurturing care: responsive caregiving and early learning. The instrument was informed by qualitative work and showed evidence for psychometric validity and reliability for caregivers in high Andean Peru. We speculate that it may also have potential use in other Majority World settings with similar caregiver characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Developmental Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Development and Validation of the Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (NPBBS): Measuring Parenting in High Andean Peru.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hinckley%2C+Kristen%22">Hinckley, Kristen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Kristen.hinckley@swisstph.ch</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alvarado%2C+Milagros%22">Alvarado, Milagros</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCoy%2C+Dana+Charles%22">McCoy, Dana Charles</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jäggi%2C+Lena%22">Jäggi, Lena</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dormal%2C+Marta%22">Dormal, Marta</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mäusezahl%2C+Daniel%22">Mäusezahl, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hartinger%2C+Stella+M%2E%22">Hartinger, Stella M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castellanos%2C+Andreana%22">Castellanos, Andreana</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huaylinos+Bustamante%2C+María+Luisa%22">Huaylinos Bustamante, María Luisa</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguilar%2C+Leonel%22">Aguilar, Leonel</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gastiaburú+Cabello%2C+María+Catalina%22">Gastiaburú Cabello, María Catalina</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quispe+Roncal%2C+Nerita+Gabriela%22">Quispe Roncal, Nerita Gabriela</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fink%2C+Günther%22">Fink, Günther</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peru%22">Peru</searchLink>
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  Data: Despite growing interest in supporting caregivers' use of nurturing care globally, few parenting measures have been validated for use outside of Minority World contexts. This study aims to develop, describe, and provide validity evidence for an efficient, culturally relevant instrument to measure local nurturing parenting beliefs and behaviors regarding responsive caregiving and early learning within a sample of caregivers of 2- to 5-year-olds in Cajamarca, Peru. We used a multiple methods phased study design to develop the self-reported parenting instrument, Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors Scale, including qualitative interviews, focus groups, cognitive testing, and quantitative pilot testing. The final validation sample included 2,274 mothers of children (Mage = 29.41 months, 49.56% female) from Cajamarca, Peru. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the instrument and correlations and regressions to validate it against parenting and child development outcomes. Results indicate a two-factor structure reflecting nurturing parenting beliefs (α =.84) and behaviors (α =.82). Analyses of concurrent validity showed that the parenting beliefs and behaviors subscales correlated positively with parental stimulation and learning materials. Both parenting beliefs and behaviors positively predicted early childhood development (parent report and direct assessment). This instrument can be used as a starting point for measuring parenting in other Majority World contexts with similar caregiver characteristics. Public Significance Statement: This article contributes a newly developed instrument (Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors) that measures nurturing parenting beliefs and behaviors regarding two components of nurturing care: responsive caregiving and early learning. The instrument was informed by qualitative work and showed evidence for psychometric validity and reliability for caregivers in high Andean Peru. We speculate that it may also have potential use in other Majority World settings with similar caregiver characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Developmental Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=190643288
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1037/dev0002037
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
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      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Focus groups
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parenting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child development
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      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Peru
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      – TitleFull: Development and Validation of the Nurturing Parenting Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (NPBBS): Measuring Parenting in High Andean Peru.
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