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The Role of Speech Reading During Visual Word Processing in Hearing Children: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

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Title: The Role of Speech Reading During Visual Word Processing in Hearing Children: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
Authors: Banaszkiewicz, Anna1,2 a.banaszkiewicz@nencki.edu.pl, Wagley, Neelima1,3 nwagley@asu.edu, Plutzer, Clara1,4, Rice, Rachael1,5, Booth, James R.1
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Jan2026, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p166-181. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Reading, *Statistical correlation, *Data analysis, *Phonological awareness, *Lipreading, *Research, *Visual perception, *Intelligence tests, Brain physiology, Task performance, Research funding, Questionnaires, Fisher exact test, Hearing disorders in children, Magnetic resonance imaging, Descriptive statistics, Statistics, Neuroradiology, Semantics, Digital image processing, Data analysis software, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Tennessee
Abstract: Purpose: Speech reading, or the ability to identify speech components from visual cues of the face, contributes to the development of phonological awareness, which in turn supports reading acquisition. The left superior temporal sulcus (STS) is a key region known to be involved in multisensory integration of speech stimuli. Previous studies have shown a behavioral relation between speech reading and reading skill and, separately, engagement of the STS in audiovisual integration for speech reading and word reading. No prior study has directly demonstrated that speech reading mechanisms in the STS are related to word reading skill. Method: In the current study, we evaluate the role of the left STS in 10- to 16-year-old hearing children (N = 39) during a speech reading task and during phonological processing of visual words to examine the extent to which the left STS is involved with reading skills. Results: Based on a series of preregistered and exploratory analyses, we report three main findings. First, the left STS, functionally localized using an independent speech reading task, was engaged during a visual word-rhyming task. Second, there was weak evidence that the activation of the left STS during word rhyming was related to word reading skills. Third, there was strong evidence that reading skill was more strongly related to phonological processing in the STS than to semantic processing. Conclusion: Our results suggest that better reading skill relies on more robust engagement of specific phonological mechanisms in the STS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: The Role of Speech Reading During Visual Word Processing in Hearing Children: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banaszkiewicz%2C+Anna%22">Banaszkiewicz, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> a.banaszkiewicz@nencki.edu.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wagley%2C+Neelima%22">Wagley, Neelima</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><i> nwagley@asu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plutzer%2C+Clara%22">Plutzer, Clara</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rice%2C+Rachael%22">Rice, Rachael</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Booth%2C+James+R%2E%22">Booth, James R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p166-181. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading%22">Reading</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lipreading%22">Lipreading</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+perception%22">Visual perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence+tests%22">Intelligence tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+physiology%22">Brain physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fisher+exact+test%22">Fisher exact test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hearing+disorders+in+children%22">Hearing disorders in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuroradiology%22">Neuroradiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semantics%22">Semantics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+image+processing%22">Digital image processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tennessee%22">Tennessee</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Speech reading, or the ability to identify speech components from visual cues of the face, contributes to the development of phonological awareness, which in turn supports reading acquisition. The left superior temporal sulcus (STS) is a key region known to be involved in multisensory integration of speech stimuli. Previous studies have shown a behavioral relation between speech reading and reading skill and, separately, engagement of the STS in audiovisual integration for speech reading and word reading. No prior study has directly demonstrated that speech reading mechanisms in the STS are related to word reading skill. Method: In the current study, we evaluate the role of the left STS in 10- to 16-year-old hearing children (N = 39) during a speech reading task and during phonological processing of visual words to examine the extent to which the left STS is involved with reading skills. Results: Based on a series of preregistered and exploratory analyses, we report three main findings. First, the left STS, functionally localized using an independent speech reading task, was engaged during a visual word-rhyming task. Second, there was weak evidence that the activation of the left STS during word rhyming was related to word reading skills. Third, there was strong evidence that reading skill was more strongly related to phonological processing in the STS than to semantic processing. Conclusion: Our results suggest that better reading skill relies on more robust engagement of specific phonological mechanisms in the STS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=190839090
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00872
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Reading
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
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      – SubjectFull: Lipreading
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      – SubjectFull: Research
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      – SubjectFull: Visual perception
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      – SubjectFull: Hearing disorders in children
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Tennessee
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      – TitleFull: The Role of Speech Reading During Visual Word Processing in Hearing Children: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
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              Text: Jan2026
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