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Spatial and Behavioural Determinants of Low Rabies Vaccination Coverage Among Dogs in a Rural Zimbabwean Ward: A Mixed-Methods Study.

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Title: Spatial and Behavioural Determinants of Low Rabies Vaccination Coverage Among Dogs in a Rural Zimbabwean Ward: A Mixed-Methods Study.
Authors: Mudzanire, Priscillah Gamuchirai1 (AUTHOR), Moyo, Perez Livias1 (AUTHOR) perezlivias1997@gmail.com, Khozah, Methembe Yotamu1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Inquiry (00469580). 4/3/2026, Vol. 63, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Health services accessibility, *Culture, *Research methodology, *Communication barriers, Rabies prevention, Dog diseases, Rabies vaccines, Cross-sectional method, Health literacy, Spatial behavior, Health attitudes, Interviewing, Bites & stings, Dogs, Descriptive statistics, Global Positioning System, Vaccination coverage, Thematic analysis, Odds ratio, Financial stress, Rural conditions, Medical records, Acquisition of data, Sociodemographic factors, Public health, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software, Immunity, Disease complications
Geographic Terms: Zimbabwe
Abstract: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease and a significant public health threat in Zimbabwe, especially in rural areas where domestic dogs are the main reservoir. This study examined factors behind low rabies vaccination coverage in dogs in Ward 2, Gutu District. A cross-sectional survey combining quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted with 60 dog-owning households through structured questionnaires. GPS coordinates for 200 dogs were collected for spatial analysis, and in-depth interviews were held with 10 key informants until thematic saturation was achieved. Vaccination coverage was 57.5%, below the 70% needed for herd immunity. Spatial analysis showed significant clustering of unvaccinated dogs in certain areas (P <.05). Of 14 dog bite cases recorded during the intensive study period, 3 (21.4%) involved vaccinated dogs, while 11 (78.6%) involved unvaccinated dogs or dogs of unknown status. Thematic analysis identified 5 main themes: financial barriers, knowledge gaps, cultural beliefs, accessibility issues, and communication challenges. A significant association was found between bites from unvaccinated dogs and fatal outcomes (P =.04). The low vaccination coverage stems from the interplay of behavioural, structural, and spatial factors. The convergent parallel design revealed that spatial clusters of unvaccinated dogs correspond to areas where qualitative respondents cited accessibility and financial barriers. Interventions should include targeted mobile vaccinations in hotspots and culturally sensitive awareness campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Inquiry (00469580) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spatial and Behavioural Determinants of Low Rabies Vaccination Coverage Among Dogs in a Rural Zimbabwean Ward: A Mixed-Methods Study.
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  Data: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease and a significant public health threat in Zimbabwe, especially in rural areas where domestic dogs are the main reservoir. This study examined factors behind low rabies vaccination coverage in dogs in Ward 2, Gutu District. A cross-sectional survey combining quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted with 60 dog-owning households through structured questionnaires. GPS coordinates for 200 dogs were collected for spatial analysis, and in-depth interviews were held with 10 key informants until thematic saturation was achieved. Vaccination coverage was 57.5%, below the 70% needed for herd immunity. Spatial analysis showed significant clustering of unvaccinated dogs in certain areas (P &lt;.05). Of 14 dog bite cases recorded during the intensive study period, 3 (21.4%) involved vaccinated dogs, while 11 (78.6%) involved unvaccinated dogs or dogs of unknown status. Thematic analysis identified 5 main themes: financial barriers, knowledge gaps, cultural beliefs, accessibility issues, and communication challenges. A significant association was found between bites from unvaccinated dogs and fatal outcomes (P =.04). The low vaccination coverage stems from the interplay of behavioural, structural, and spatial factors. The convergent parallel design revealed that spatial clusters of unvaccinated dogs correspond to areas where qualitative respondents cited accessibility and financial barriers. Interventions should include targeted mobile vaccinations in hotspots and culturally sensitive awareness campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Inquiry (00469580) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/00469580261437011
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Health services accessibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Culture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Communication barriers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rabies prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dog diseases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rabies vaccines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health literacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bites & stings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dogs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Global Positioning System
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vaccination coverage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thematic analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Financial stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural conditions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical records
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acquisition of data
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immunity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zimbabwe
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spatial and Behavioural Determinants of Low Rabies Vaccination Coverage Among Dogs in a Rural Zimbabwean Ward: A Mixed-Methods Study.
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              Text: 4/3/2026
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              Y: 2026
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