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Aerodynamic Demand Responses to the Fluid Interval Test for Voice: A Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Vocal Loading Task.

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Title: Aerodynamic Demand Responses to the Fluid Interval Test for Voice: A Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Vocal Loading Task.
Authors: Apfelbach, Christopher S.1 apfel014@umn.edu, Sandage, Mary J.2, Abbott, Katherine Verdolini3
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. May2026, Vol. 69 Issue 5, p1880-1901. 22p.
Subject Terms: *Data analysis, *Universities & colleges, *Fatigue (Physiology), *Voice disorders, *Longitudinal method, *Experimental design, *College students, *Comparative studies, Laryngeal physiology, Task performance, Physiological adaptation, Research funding, Spirometry, Aerodynamics, Dynamics, Respiration, Two-way analysis of variance, Descriptive statistics, Physiological aspects of speech, Crossover trials, Sound recordings, Aerodynamic load, Statistics, Human voice, Data analysis software, Time, Respiratory mechanics
Geographic Terms: Delaware
Abstract: Introduction: Vocal loading tasks are useful for studying vocal demand responses—the unique sets of biomechanical, aerodynamic, and acoustic adaptations that speakers employ to meet the vocal demands of communication. We discuss aerodynamic demand responses to the Fluid Interval Test for Voice (FIT-V), a vocal loading task founded on resisted laryngeal diadochokinesis (LDDK), to determine how aerodynamic factors may influence LDDK performance. Method: Participants (N = 30) produced loud abductory LDDK (/hʌ hʌ hʌ/) for 30 min, alternating 30-s intervals of exercise and rest. Depending on the task condition, fluid back pressure of 0 or 5 cm H2O was imposed to modulate respiratory demand. Airflow data were captured continuously and analyzed using a twoway analysis of variance (Task × Time) to characterize aerodynamic adaptations in both LDDK pulses and whole breath grou ps. Results: Instantaneous LDDK rate did not change significantly within trials or intervals—unlike the aerodynamic variables, which exhibited task- and timedependent changes. Large increases in mean airflow and expiratory volume within trials were characteristic of the resisted FIT-V5 task, whereas the nonresisted FIT-V0 task exhibited declining mean airflow and expiratory volume. Irrespective of task, all breath groups grew shorter within trials, and all aerodynamic variables decreased dramatically within intervals. Conclusions: Voice users actively modulated their aerodynamic output at multiple levels throughout the FIT-V tasks, although it is unclear whether these modulations were responsible for participants’ ability to maintain rapid LDDK rates. Future work will examine how different vocal demand responses influence perceived fatigue, performance fatigability, and laryngeal pathology risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Aerodynamic Demand Responses to the Fluid Interval Test for Voice: A Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Vocal Loading Task.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Apfelbach%2C+Christopher+S%2E%22">Apfelbach, Christopher S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> apfel014@umn.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sandage%2C+Mary+J%2E%22">Sandage, Mary J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abbott%2C+Katherine+Verdolini%22">Abbott, Katherine Verdolini</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 69 Issue 5, p1880-1901. 22p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universities+%26+colleges%22">Universities & colleges</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+%28Physiology%29%22">Fatigue (Physiology)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Voice+disorders%22">Voice disorders</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+students%22">College students</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laryngeal+physiology%22">Laryngeal physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+adaptation%22">Physiological adaptation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spirometry%22">Spirometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerodynamics%22">Aerodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamics%22">Dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiration%22">Respiration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Two-way+analysis+of+variance%22">Two-way analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+aspects+of+speech%22">Physiological aspects of speech</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crossover+trials%22">Crossover trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+recordings%22">Sound recordings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerodynamic+load%22">Aerodynamic load</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+voice%22">Human voice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time%22">Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiratory+mechanics%22">Respiratory mechanics</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delaware%22">Delaware</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Vocal loading tasks are useful for studying vocal demand responses—the unique sets of biomechanical, aerodynamic, and acoustic adaptations that speakers employ to meet the vocal demands of communication. We discuss aerodynamic demand responses to the Fluid Interval Test for Voice (FIT-V), a vocal loading task founded on resisted laryngeal diadochokinesis (LDDK), to determine how aerodynamic factors may influence LDDK performance. Method: Participants (N = 30) produced loud abductory LDDK (/hʌ hʌ hʌ/) for 30 min, alternating 30-s intervals of exercise and rest. Depending on the task condition, fluid back pressure of 0 or 5 cm H2O was imposed to modulate respiratory demand. Airflow data were captured continuously and analyzed using a twoway analysis of variance (Task × Time) to characterize aerodynamic adaptations in both LDDK pulses and whole breath grou ps. Results: Instantaneous LDDK rate did not change significantly within trials or intervals—unlike the aerodynamic variables, which exhibited task- and timedependent changes. Large increases in mean airflow and expiratory volume within trials were characteristic of the resisted FIT-V5 task, whereas the nonresisted FIT-V0 task exhibited declining mean airflow and expiratory volume. Irrespective of task, all breath groups grew shorter within trials, and all aerodynamic variables decreased dramatically within intervals. Conclusions: Voice users actively modulated their aerodynamic output at multiple levels throughout the FIT-V tasks, although it is unclear whether these modulations were responsible for participants’ ability to maintain rapid LDDK rates. Future work will examine how different vocal demand responses influence perceived fatigue, performance fatigability, and laryngeal pathology risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=193696194
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-25-00639
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 1880
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Universities & colleges
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatigue (Physiology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Voice disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laryngeal physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiological adaptation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spirometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Respiration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Two-way analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological aspects of speech
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      – SubjectFull: Aerodynamic load
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Human voice
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Respiratory mechanics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Delaware
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Aerodynamic Demand Responses to the Fluid Interval Test for Voice: A Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Vocal Loading Task.
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            NameFull: Apfelbach, Christopher S.
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
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