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Gloves Are Hands: How English and Italian Children Label Nouns and Predicates at 24 and 30 Months in a Picture-Naming Task.

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Title: Gloves Are Hands: How English and Italian Children Label Nouns and Predicates at 24 and 30 Months in a Picture-Naming Task.
Authors: Cattani, Allegra1,2 allegra.cattani@uniroma1.it, Bello, Arianna3
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. May2026, Vol. 69 Issue 5, p2128-2142. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Phonological awareness, *Economic status, *Visual perception, *Comparative studies, *Language acquisition, *Educational attainment, *Children, Grammar, Task performance, Socioeconomic factors, Age distribution, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Linguistics, Social status, Psychology of mothers, Semantics, English language, Data analysis software, Nonparametric statistics
Geographic Terms: Italy
Abstract: Purpose: This study investigates the semantic processes underlying how children acquire and use nouns and predicates (verbs, adjectives/adverbs), focusing on age and cross-linguistic differences in these naming strategies. Method: Ninety-two children aged 23–25 months (53 English and 39 Italian) and 115 children aged 29–31 months (69 English and 46 Italian) took part in a picturenaming task to assess their acquisition of nouns and predicates. We investigated the types of responses (correct, incorrect, no response, and unintelligible) and the distribution of incorrect responses (semantic errors, visual errors, and other errors) across two ages and two languages. Results: Response accuracy increased significantly from 24 to 30 months for lexical categories and languages. At 30 months, children produced fewer no responses, incorrect responses, and unintelligible responses for nouns and fewer no responses for predicates. Italian children showed a higher frequency of unintelligible responses for nouns, while English children produced more no responses for predicates. The distribution of semantically incorrect responses also varied with age: Compared to 24-month-olds, 30-month-olds produced fewer semantic associative errors and onomatopoeic responses in nouns but more semantic coordinate errors for predicates. English children produced more semantic coordinate and subordinate errors in nouns and fewer semantic associative and onomatopoeic errors in predicates than Italian children. Conclusion: Data are discussed in the context of cross-linguistic comparisons of semantic representations underlying noun and predicate acquisition at 2–3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Gloves Are Hands: How English and Italian Children Label Nouns and Predicates at 24 and 30 Months in a Picture-Naming Task.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 69 Issue 5, p2128-2142. 15p.
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  Data: Purpose: This study investigates the semantic processes underlying how children acquire and use nouns and predicates (verbs, adjectives/adverbs), focusing on age and cross-linguistic differences in these naming strategies. Method: Ninety-two children aged 23–25 months (53 English and 39 Italian) and 115 children aged 29–31 months (69 English and 46 Italian) took part in a picturenaming task to assess their acquisition of nouns and predicates. We investigated the types of responses (correct, incorrect, no response, and unintelligible) and the distribution of incorrect responses (semantic errors, visual errors, and other errors) across two ages and two languages. Results: Response accuracy increased significantly from 24 to 30 months for lexical categories and languages. At 30 months, children produced fewer no responses, incorrect responses, and unintelligible responses for nouns and fewer no responses for predicates. Italian children showed a higher frequency of unintelligible responses for nouns, while English children produced more no responses for predicates. The distribution of semantically incorrect responses also varied with age: Compared to 24-month-olds, 30-month-olds produced fewer semantic associative errors and onomatopoeic responses in nouns but more semantic coordinate errors for predicates. English children produced more semantic coordinate and subordinate errors in nouns and fewer semantic associative and onomatopoeic errors in predicates than Italian children. Conclusion: Data are discussed in the context of cross-linguistic comparisons of semantic representations underlying noun and predicate acquisition at 2–3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00181
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 2128
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economic status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language acquisition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational attainment
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      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grammar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
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      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
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      – SubjectFull: Linguistics
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      – SubjectFull: Social status
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of mothers
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      – SubjectFull: Semantics
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      – SubjectFull: English language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Italy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Gloves Are Hands: How English and Italian Children Label Nouns and Predicates at 24 and 30 Months in a Picture-Naming Task.
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            NameFull: Cattani, Allegra
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              Text: May2026
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              Y: 2026
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