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Measuring Parenting Interactions in Resource-Constrained Settings: Evidence From an Observational Tool Implemented in Andean Peru.

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Title: Measuring Parenting Interactions in Resource-Constrained Settings: Evidence From an Observational Tool Implemented in Andean Peru.
Authors: McCoy, Dana Charles1 (AUTHOR) dana_mccoy@gse.harvard.edu, Dormal, Marta1 (AUTHOR), Hinckley, Kristen2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Alvarado, Milagros2,4 (AUTHOR), Jäggi, Lena2,4 (AUTHOR), Mäusezahl, Daniel2,4 (AUTHOR), Hartinger, Stella Maria2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Fink, Günther2,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Assessment. Jun2026, Vol. 38 Issue 6/7, p503-516. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Reading, *Statistical correlation, *Human services programs, *Psychological adaptation, *Child development, *Research methodology, *Mother-child relationship, *Factor analysis, *Child behavior, *Cognition, Scale analysis (Psychology), Cross-sectional method, Statistical significance, Research funding, Interviewing, Sample size (Statistics), Peruvians, Descriptive statistics, Statistics, Resource-limited settings, Externalizing behavior, Sociodemographic factors, Data analysis software, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Peru
Abstract: Robust theoretical and empirical evidence has confirmed that parents' interactions with their children are directly related to child well-being. In response to this evidence, parenting interactions are increasingly being targeted by policies and interventions globally. Nevertheless, few empirically validated measures of parenting interactions are available for majority world contexts. This study aimed to adapt, implement, and provide validity evidence for an observational assessment of Peruvian mothers' interactions with their toddlers during a 4-min book reading task. We adapted the Observation of Mother–Child Interactions assessment to simplify its administration and ensure its contextual relevance. We then used data collectors from different backgrounds to live code this adapted assessment in a sample of 2,375 mother–child dyads (M child age = 28.8 months; 50.2% female) in rural Andean Peru. Floor or ceiling effects were identified in 10 of 11 items. Confirmatory factor analyses using a tobit estimator applied in two split-half samples revealed a two-factor solution that distinguished between mothers' provision of emotional versus cognitive support. Correlations between these observed parenting interaction subscales and mother-reported caregiving processes (e.g., attachment, stimulation) were in the expected directions, statistically significant, and small in magnitude (r <.20). Regression analyses revealed that the observed parenting interaction subscales predicted children's directly assessed and mother-reported development and behavior, even when controlling for other parenting processes. Implications for the assessment and promotion of parenting processes in the majority world are discussed. Public Significance Statement: This study describes the adaptation and implementation of a brief, simple observational assessment of mothers' parenting interactions with their toddlers in rural Andean Peru. We find limited variability in individual item scores but promising evidence regarding the overall assessment's ability to distinguish between emotional and cognitive forms of support that relate to parenting processes and child development and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Assessment is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Robust theoretical and empirical evidence has confirmed that parents&#39; interactions with their children are directly related to child well-being. In response to this evidence, parenting interactions are increasingly being targeted by policies and interventions globally. Nevertheless, few empirically validated measures of parenting interactions are available for majority world contexts. This study aimed to adapt, implement, and provide validity evidence for an observational assessment of Peruvian mothers&#39; interactions with their toddlers during a 4-min book reading task. We adapted the Observation of Mother–Child Interactions assessment to simplify its administration and ensure its contextual relevance. We then used data collectors from different backgrounds to live code this adapted assessment in a sample of 2,375 mother–child dyads (M child age = 28.8 months; 50.2% female) in rural Andean Peru. Floor or ceiling effects were identified in 10 of 11 items. Confirmatory factor analyses using a tobit estimator applied in two split-half samples revealed a two-factor solution that distinguished between mothers&#39; provision of emotional versus cognitive support. Correlations between these observed parenting interaction subscales and mother-reported caregiving processes (e.g., attachment, stimulation) were in the expected directions, statistically significant, and small in magnitude (r &lt;.20). Regression analyses revealed that the observed parenting interaction subscales predicted children&#39;s directly assessed and mother-reported development and behavior, even when controlling for other parenting processes. Implications for the assessment and promotion of parenting processes in the majority world are discussed. Public Significance Statement: This study describes the adaptation and implementation of a brief, simple observational assessment of mothers&#39; parenting interactions with their toddlers in rural Andean Peru. We find limited variability in individual item scores but promising evidence regarding the overall assessment&#39;s ability to distinguish between emotional and cognitive forms of support that relate to parenting processes and child development and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Psychological Assessment is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=193758808
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        Value: 10.1037/pas0001462
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Child behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition
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      – SubjectFull: Scale analysis (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical significance
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      – SubjectFull: Peruvians
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      – SubjectFull: Peru
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              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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