Urinary concentrations of total and free bisphenol A and daily intake estimation in northern Mexican women.

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Title: Urinary concentrations of total and free bisphenol A and daily intake estimation in northern Mexican women.
Authors: Barajas, Belen1 (AUTHOR) vbarajas@cinvestav.mx, Mérida-Ortega, Ángel2 (AUTHOR) angel.merida@insp.edu.m, López-Carrillo, Lizbeth2 (AUTHOR) lizbeth@insp.mx, Cebrián, Mariano E.1 (AUTHOR) mcebrian@cinvestav.mx
Source: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. Jun2025, Vol. 197 Issue 6, p1-12. 12p.
Subject Terms: *Food contamination, *Mexicans, *Public health, *Medical sciences, *Epoxy resins, *Bisphenol A
Geographic Terms: Mexico
Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonates used to manufacture plastic reusable bottles and miscellaneous containers; it is a constituent of epoxy resins used for the internal coating of beverage cans. Humans are mainly exposed by ingesting contaminated food and beverages. Experimental and human studies reported diverse health problems associated with BPA. Our objectives were to measure free (FBPA) and total (TBPA) urinary levels, to estimate daily BPA intake, and to investigate sources of exposure in northern Mexican women. This study is a secondary cross-sectional analysis in controls (n = 201) participating in a population-based case–control study. BPA was extracted from urine using the Micro-QuEChERS method and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. FBPA was detected in 88% of participants (geometric mean: 6.66; range: < LOD—48.83 ng/ml) whereas TBPA was detected in 98.5% (20.13; < LOD—37.15 ng/ml). TBPA estimated intake was 0.199 (0.007–4.26 μg/kg/bw/day), lower than the current American and Canadian tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 50 and 25, respectively, but higher than the recently proposed TDIs by the European (0.0002 μg/kgbw/day) and German (0.2 μg/kgbw/day) authorities. Women having lower FBPA levels presented lower energy consumption, whereas those with higher TBPA concentrations were younger, had higher BMI, and higher energy intake. TBPA was positively associated with the estimated intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) but significantly negatively associated with cow's milk. The urinary concentrations of FBPA and TBPA indicated that women were widely exposed to BPA since their values were in the upper part of the range reported in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Urinary concentrations of total and free bisphenol A and daily intake estimation in northern Mexican women.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Barajas%2C+Belen%22&quot;&gt;Barajas, Belen&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; vbarajas@cinvestav.mx&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22M&#233;rida-Ortega%2C+&#193;ngel%22&quot;&gt;M&#233;rida-Ortega, &#193;ngel&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; angel.merida@insp.edu.m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22L&#243;pez-Carrillo%2C+Lizbeth%22&quot;&gt;L&#243;pez-Carrillo, Lizbeth&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; lizbeth@insp.mx&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cebri&#225;n%2C+Mariano+E%2E%22&quot;&gt;Cebri&#225;n, Mariano E.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; mcebrian@cinvestav.mx&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Environmental+Monitoring+%26+Assessment%22&quot;&gt;Environmental Monitoring &amp; Assessment&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jun2025, Vol. 197 Issue 6, p1-12. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Food+contamination%22&quot;&gt;Food contamination&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Mexicans%22&quot;&gt;Mexicans&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Public+health%22&quot;&gt;Public health&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Medical+sciences%22&quot;&gt;Medical sciences&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Epoxy+resins%22&quot;&gt;Epoxy resins&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Bisphenol+A%22&quot;&gt;Bisphenol A&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Mexico%22&quot;&gt;Mexico&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonates used to manufacture plastic reusable bottles and miscellaneous containers; it is a constituent of epoxy resins used for the internal coating of beverage cans. Humans are mainly exposed by ingesting contaminated food and beverages. Experimental and human studies reported diverse health problems associated with BPA. Our objectives were to measure free (FBPA) and total (TBPA) urinary levels, to estimate daily BPA intake, and to investigate sources of exposure in northern Mexican women. This study is a secondary cross-sectional analysis in controls (n = 201) participating in a population-based case–control study. BPA was extracted from urine using the Micro-QuEChERS method and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. FBPA was detected in 88% of participants (geometric mean: 6.66; range: &lt; LOD—48.83 ng/ml) whereas TBPA was detected in 98.5% (20.13; &lt; LOD—37.15 ng/ml). TBPA estimated intake was 0.199 (0.007–4.26 μg/kg/bw/day), lower than the current American and Canadian tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 50 and 25, respectively, but higher than the recently proposed TDIs by the European (0.0002 μg/kgbw/day) and German (0.2 μg/kgbw/day) authorities. Women having lower FBPA levels presented lower energy consumption, whereas those with higher TBPA concentrations were younger, had higher BMI, and higher energy intake. TBPA was positively associated with the estimated intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) but significantly negatively associated with cow&#39;s milk. The urinary concentrations of FBPA and TBPA indicated that women were widely exposed to BPA since their values were in the upper part of the range reported in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10661-025-14074-7
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Food contamination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mexicans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical sciences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epoxy resins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bisphenol A
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mexico
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Urinary concentrations of total and free bisphenol A and daily intake estimation in northern Mexican women.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Barajas, Belen
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Mérida-Ortega, Ángel
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: López-Carrillo, Lizbeth
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cebrián, Mariano E.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 01676369
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 197
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
              Type: main
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