Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects.

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Title: Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects.
Authors: Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha1,2 (AUTHOR) S.Siddiqui@dil-ev.de, Elsheikh, Wadah3 (AUTHOR), Ucak, İlknur4 (AUTHOR), Hasan, Muzaffar5 (AUTHOR), Perlita, Zerlina Cleantha6 (AUTHOR), Yudhistira, Bara7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environment, Development & Sustainability. Dec2025, Vol. 27 Issue 12, p29105-29148. 44p.
Subject Terms: *Meal worms, *Soybean products, *Proteins in animal nutrition, *Animal feeds, *Green products, *Agriculture, *Nutritional value, *Anthropogenic effects on nature
Abstract: The urgent need for sustainable alternatives to conventional livestock feed has prompted research into novel protein sources. This review paper systematically evaluates the prospect of replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed, focusing on comprehensive comparisons of nutritional content and environmental considerations. The nutritional profiles of soy and mealworms are analyzed in terms of amino acid composition and digestibility. The total essential amino acids in mealworms are 26.02 g/100 g while in mealworms total EAA is 31.49 g/100 g. The protein content in mealworm is high (51.93 g/100 g) in comparison to soy meal (44.51 g/100 g). Environmental aspects, including deforestation, pesticide use, water consumption, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions, are scrutinized for both soy cultivation and mealworm farming.One kg of mealworm meal yields 141.3 MJ energy use, 3.8 kg CO2 equivalent for climate change, 25.6 g SO2 equivalent for acidification, 15.0 g PO4 equivalent for eutrophication, and 4.1 m2 land use. It's more potent per kg of protein than soybean or fish meal. Feasibility, scalability, and economic considerations are explored to understand the practical implications for livestock farmers. Consumer perception and regulatory frameworks are also addressed, highlighting potential challenges and strategies for acceptance. The paper concludes by synthesizing key findings and offering recommendations for stakeholders interested in the sustainable integration of mealworms into mainstream livestock agriculture. This comparative review provides a holistic understanding of the potential environmental benefits and challenges associated with replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siddiqui%2C+Shahida+Anusha%22">Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> S.Siddiqui@dil-ev.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elsheikh%2C+Wadah%22">Elsheikh, Wadah</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ucak%2C+İlknur%22">Ucak, İlknur</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hasan%2C+Muzaffar%22">Hasan, Muzaffar</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perlita%2C+Zerlina+Cleantha%22">Perlita, Zerlina Cleantha</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yudhistira%2C+Bara%22">Yudhistira, Bara</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environment%2C+Development+%26+Sustainability%22">Environment, Development & Sustainability</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 27 Issue 12, p29105-29148. 44p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meal+worms%22">Meal worms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soybean+products%22">Soybean products</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proteins+in+animal+nutrition%22">Proteins in animal nutrition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+feeds%22">Animal feeds</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+products%22">Green products</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agriculture%22">Agriculture</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutritional+value%22">Nutritional value</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anthropogenic+effects+on+nature%22">Anthropogenic effects on nature</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The urgent need for sustainable alternatives to conventional livestock feed has prompted research into novel protein sources. This review paper systematically evaluates the prospect of replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed, focusing on comprehensive comparisons of nutritional content and environmental considerations. The nutritional profiles of soy and mealworms are analyzed in terms of amino acid composition and digestibility. The total essential amino acids in mealworms are 26.02 g/100 g while in mealworms total EAA is 31.49 g/100 g. The protein content in mealworm is high (51.93 g/100 g) in comparison to soy meal (44.51 g/100 g). Environmental aspects, including deforestation, pesticide use, water consumption, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions, are scrutinized for both soy cultivation and mealworm farming.One kg of mealworm meal yields 141.3 MJ energy use, 3.8 kg CO2 equivalent for climate change, 25.6 g SO2 equivalent for acidification, 15.0 g PO4 equivalent for eutrophication, and 4.1 m2 land use. It's more potent per kg of protein than soybean or fish meal. Feasibility, scalability, and economic considerations are explored to understand the practical implications for livestock farmers. Consumer perception and regulatory frameworks are also addressed, highlighting potential challenges and strategies for acceptance. The paper concludes by synthesizing key findings and offering recommendations for stakeholders interested in the sustainable integration of mealworms into mainstream livestock agriculture. This comparative review provides a holistic understanding of the potential environmental benefits and challenges associated with replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10668-024-04874-1
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 44
        StartPage: 29105
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Meal worms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soybean products
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Proteins in animal nutrition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal feeds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Green products
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agriculture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nutritional value
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anthropogenic effects on nature
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects.
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            NameFull: Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha
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            NameFull: Elsheikh, Wadah
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            NameFull: Ucak, İlknur
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            NameFull: Hasan, Muzaffar
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            NameFull: Perlita, Zerlina Cleantha
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 1387585X
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              Value: 27
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              Value: 12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Environment, Development & Sustainability
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