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Novel Nafion-Poly(vinyl alcohol)-ethylammonium nitrate hybrid membrane with self-healing ability for direct methanol fuel cells.

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Title: Novel Nafion-Poly(vinyl alcohol)-ethylammonium nitrate hybrid membrane with self-healing ability for direct methanol fuel cells.
Authors: Ng, Wei Wuen1 (AUTHOR), Thiam, Hui San1 (AUTHOR) thiamhs@utar.edu.my, Chen, Wei-Hsin2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Pang, Yean Ling1 (AUTHOR), Lim, Yun Seng1 (AUTHOR), Wong, Jianhui1 (AUTHOR), Saw, Lip Huat1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Green Energy. 2026, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p405-419. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Direct methanol fuel cells, *Self-healing materials, *Composite membranes (Chemistry), *Vinyl polymers, *Proton conductivity, *Nafion, *Ammonium nitrate
Abstract: Self-healing technology offers a promising solution for enhancing the durability and efficiency of fuel cell systems by enabling autonomous repair of damage. In this study, a self-healing proton exchange membrane (PEM) is developed by modifying Nafion with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and the protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) using a freezing-thawing method. The resulting hybrid membrane demonstrates the ability to autonomously heal damage, restoring up to 87% of its initial methanol-blocking and 88% of its tensile strength. Such self-healing capability is essential for addressing pinholes and microcracks that develop during direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operation. Moreover, the incorporation of an optimal 5 wt% EAN significantly enhances the membrane proton conductivity by creating a hydrogen bonding network that facilitates both Grotthuss and vehicle proton conduction mechanisms. The denser structure of the hybrid membrane also reduces methanol crossover by 41.4% compared to the recast Nafion. With improved selectivity, the hybrid membrane delivers a power density of 7.44 mW cm−2 in a passive DMFC, outperforming both recast Nafion (2.41 mW cm−2) and commercial Nafion 117 (4.74 mW cm−2). The increased power output of the hybrid membrane, coupled with its self-repair ability, highlights its significant potential and sustainability for DMFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 190257320
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Novel Nafion-Poly(vinyl alcohol)-ethylammonium nitrate hybrid membrane with self-healing ability for direct methanol fuel cells.
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  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ng%2C+Wei+Wuen%22">Ng, Wei Wuen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thiam%2C+Hui+San%22">Thiam, Hui San</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> thiamhs@utar.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Wei-Hsin%22">Chen, Wei-Hsin</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pang%2C+Yean+Ling%22">Pang, Yean Ling</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lim%2C+Yun+Seng%22">Lim, Yun Seng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wong%2C+Jianhui%22">Wong, Jianhui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saw%2C+Lip+Huat%22">Saw, Lip Huat</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Green+Energy%22">International Journal of Green Energy</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p405-419. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Direct+methanol+fuel+cells%22">Direct methanol fuel cells</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-healing+materials%22">Self-healing materials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+membranes+%28Chemistry%29%22">Composite membranes (Chemistry)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vinyl+polymers%22">Vinyl polymers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proton+conductivity%22">Proton conductivity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nafion%22">Nafion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ammonium+nitrate%22">Ammonium nitrate</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Self-healing technology offers a promising solution for enhancing the durability and efficiency of fuel cell systems by enabling autonomous repair of damage. In this study, a self-healing proton exchange membrane (PEM) is developed by modifying Nafion with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and the protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) using a freezing-thawing method. The resulting hybrid membrane demonstrates the ability to autonomously heal damage, restoring up to 87% of its initial methanol-blocking and 88% of its tensile strength. Such self-healing capability is essential for addressing pinholes and microcracks that develop during direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operation. Moreover, the incorporation of an optimal 5 wt% EAN significantly enhances the membrane proton conductivity by creating a hydrogen bonding network that facilitates both Grotthuss and vehicle proton conduction mechanisms. The denser structure of the hybrid membrane also reduces methanol crossover by 41.4% compared to the recast Nafion. With improved selectivity, the hybrid membrane delivers a power density of 7.44 mW cm−2 in a passive DMFC, outperforming both recast Nafion (2.41 mW cm−2) and commercial Nafion 117 (4.74 mW cm−2). The increased power output of the hybrid membrane, coupled with its self-repair ability, highlights its significant potential and sustainability for DMFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=190257320
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/15435075.2025.2558925
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 405
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Direct methanol fuel cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-healing materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composite membranes (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vinyl polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Proton conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nafion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ammonium nitrate
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Novel Nafion-Poly(vinyl alcohol)-ethylammonium nitrate hybrid membrane with self-healing ability for direct methanol fuel cells.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Ng, Wei Wuen
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            NameFull: Thiam, Hui San
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            NameFull: Chen, Wei-Hsin
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            NameFull: Pang, Yean Ling
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            NameFull: Lim, Yun Seng
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            NameFull: Wong, Jianhui
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            NameFull: Saw, Lip Huat
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            – D: 15
              M: 01
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 15435075
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              Value: 23
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Journal of Green Energy
              Type: main
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