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Thermodynamic Study of Hybrid Nanofluid to Explore the Radial Effects of Water-Based Nanoparticles Between Two Narrowly Flat Disks.

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Title: Thermodynamic Study of Hybrid Nanofluid to Explore the Radial Effects of Water-Based Nanoparticles Between Two Narrowly Flat Disks.
Authors: Naeem, A.1 (AUTHOR), Abbas, Z.1 (AUTHOR) za_qau@yahoo.com, Rafiq, M. Y.1 (AUTHOR) jamyousaf631@gmail.com
Source: Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ). Feb2026, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p2573-2588. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Radial flow, *Nanofluids, *Nanoparticles, *Heat radiation & absorption, *Rotational flow, *Heat transfer, *Elliptic functions, *Magnetic field effects
Abstract: This study investigates the laminar, radial, fully developed flow of a hybrid nanofluid between two flat disks under the influence of a magnetic field and thermal radiation. The hybrid nanofluid consists of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles suspended in a water-based fluid. Radial flow between parallel disks is significant in various industrial and engineering applications, particularly in heat and mass transfer systems. This research provides new insights into such flows, potentially enhancing industrial applications that utilize hybrid nanofluids for improved thermal performance. Analytical solutions for the velocity field, considering both accelerating and decelerating flows, are derived using complete and incomplete Jacobi elliptic functions of the first kind. The results indicate that the maximum velocity occurs at the central region between the disks and gradually decreases toward the disk surfaces. Streamlines are plotted to visualize the velocity distribution, revealing that velocity decreases with an increasing pressure gradient but increases with a stronger magnetic field. An exact solution for the fluid temperature is also obtained, illustrating the effects of thermal radiation and heat source parameters. The findings show that temperature rises with the heat source parameter but decreases with stronger thermal radiation. Additionally, the study examines the impact of the magnetic field and pressure gradient on the torque exerted on both disks. The results demonstrate that increasing these parameters leads to higher torque, which is relevant for applications requiring precise control of rotational resistance, such as magnetic brakes and precision engineering systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192432407
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Thermodynamic Study of Hybrid Nanofluid to Explore the Radial Effects of Water-Based Nanoparticles Between Two Narrowly Flat Disks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Naeem%2C+A%2E%22">Naeem, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abbas%2C+Z%2E%22">Abbas, Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> za_qau@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rafiq%2C+M%2E+Y%2E%22">Rafiq, M. Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jamyousaf631@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Arabian+Journal+for+Science+%26+Engineering+%28Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media+B%2EV%2E+%29%22">Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. )</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p2573-2588. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radial+flow%22">Radial flow</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+radiation+%26+absorption%22">Heat radiation & absorption</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rotational+flow%22">Rotational flow</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elliptic+functions%22">Elliptic functions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+field+effects%22">Magnetic field effects</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the laminar, radial, fully developed flow of a hybrid nanofluid between two flat disks under the influence of a magnetic field and thermal radiation. The hybrid nanofluid consists of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles suspended in a water-based fluid. Radial flow between parallel disks is significant in various industrial and engineering applications, particularly in heat and mass transfer systems. This research provides new insights into such flows, potentially enhancing industrial applications that utilize hybrid nanofluids for improved thermal performance. Analytical solutions for the velocity field, considering both accelerating and decelerating flows, are derived using complete and incomplete Jacobi elliptic functions of the first kind. The results indicate that the maximum velocity occurs at the central region between the disks and gradually decreases toward the disk surfaces. Streamlines are plotted to visualize the velocity distribution, revealing that velocity decreases with an increasing pressure gradient but increases with a stronger magnetic field. An exact solution for the fluid temperature is also obtained, illustrating the effects of thermal radiation and heat source parameters. The findings show that temperature rises with the heat source parameter but decreases with stronger thermal radiation. Additionally, the study examines the impact of the magnetic field and pressure gradient on the torque exerted on both disks. The results demonstrate that increasing these parameters leads to higher torque, which is relevant for applications requiring precise control of rotational resistance, such as magnetic brakes and precision engineering systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s13369-025-10052-w
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2573
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Radial flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat radiation & absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rotational flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat transfer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elliptic functions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic field effects
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Thermodynamic Study of Hybrid Nanofluid to Explore the Radial Effects of Water-Based Nanoparticles Between Two Narrowly Flat Disks.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Naeem, A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Abbas, Z.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rafiq, M. Y.
    IsPartOfRelationships:
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 2193567X
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              Value: 51
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              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. )
              Type: main
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