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Coordinated Frequency Regulation Strategy for Wind-Power–Hydrogen Coupled Systems Considering the Equivalent State of Charge.

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Title: Coordinated Frequency Regulation Strategy for Wind-Power–Hydrogen Coupled Systems Considering the Equivalent State of Charge.
Authors: Wang, Xin1 (AUTHOR), Li, Zewei1 (AUTHOR) 20243231@neepu.edu.cn, Sun, Zhenglong1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2203. 25p.
Subject Terms: *Frequency response, *Electric power system stability, *Clean energy, *Hydrogen as fuel, *Wind power, *Energy storage
Abstract: To address the frequency stability challenges arising from the high penetration of renewable energy, this study proposes a coordinated frequency regulation strategy for wind-power–hydrogen coupled systems, considering the Equivalent State of Charge (ESOC). While wind-power–hydrogen integration offers significant regulation potential, frequent ESOC excursions toward operational limits may lead to power interruptions and increased durability-related stress on hydrogen units. To resolve this, a refined mathematical model comprising wind turbines, electrolyzers, and fuel cells is first established to characterize system dynamics. The proposed method adopts an ESOC-based partitioning control logic: within normal ESOC ranges, the hydrogen storage system provides rapid frequency support via virtual inertia control; when ESOC reaches operational thresholds, the hydrogen unit seamlessly transitions out of service to prolong its lifespan, while the wind turbine dynamically compensates for the power deficit through adaptive droop control. Compared with other methods, the strategy proposed in this paper, implemented via DIgSILENT/PowerFactory simulations, improves the frequency nadir by 0.02 Hz during load increases and reduces the frequency peak by 0.04 Hz during load shedding. Under stochastic disturbances, the absolute steady-state frequency error is maintained below 0.02 Hz, while frequency deviations are strictly confined within ±0.5 Hz. These improvements significantly enhance both grid resilience and the operational safety of hydrogen units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193716099
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Coordinated Frequency Regulation Strategy for Wind-Power–Hydrogen Coupled Systems Considering the Equivalent State of Charge.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xin%22">Wang, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zewei%22">Li, Zewei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 20243231@neepu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Zhenglong%22">Sun, Zhenglong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2203. 25p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequency+response%22">Frequency response</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+system+stability%22">Electric power system stability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+as+fuel%22">Hydrogen as fuel</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+power%22">Wind power</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To address the frequency stability challenges arising from the high penetration of renewable energy, this study proposes a coordinated frequency regulation strategy for wind-power–hydrogen coupled systems, considering the Equivalent State of Charge (ESOC). While wind-power–hydrogen integration offers significant regulation potential, frequent ESOC excursions toward operational limits may lead to power interruptions and increased durability-related stress on hydrogen units. To resolve this, a refined mathematical model comprising wind turbines, electrolyzers, and fuel cells is first established to characterize system dynamics. The proposed method adopts an ESOC-based partitioning control logic: within normal ESOC ranges, the hydrogen storage system provides rapid frequency support via virtual inertia control; when ESOC reaches operational thresholds, the hydrogen unit seamlessly transitions out of service to prolong its lifespan, while the wind turbine dynamically compensates for the power deficit through adaptive droop control. Compared with other methods, the strategy proposed in this paper, implemented via DIgSILENT/PowerFactory simulations, improves the frequency nadir by 0.02 Hz during load increases and reduces the frequency peak by 0.04 Hz during load shedding. Under stochastic disturbances, the absolute steady-state frequency error is maintained below 0.02 Hz, while frequency deviations are strictly confined within ±0.5 Hz. These improvements significantly enhance both grid resilience and the operational safety of hydrogen units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=193716099
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19092203
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 2203
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Frequency response
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power system stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen as fuel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind power
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Coordinated Frequency Regulation Strategy for Wind-Power–Hydrogen Coupled Systems Considering the Equivalent State of Charge.
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            NameFull: Wang, Xin
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            NameFull: Li, Zewei
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            NameFull: Sun, Zhenglong
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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