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Backstepping Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for MMC-HVDC in Passive Networks.

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Title: Backstepping Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for MMC-HVDC in Passive Networks.
Authors: Wang, Zerong1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Xinhong1,2 (AUTHOR), Dong, Hao1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Hao1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Yongxi2 (AUTHOR) zhao_yongxi@shiep.edu.cn
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2246. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Backstepping control method, *Sliding mode control, *Power distribution networks, *High-voltage direct current transmission, *Converters (Electronics), *Dynamic stability, *Harmonic distortion (Physics)
Abstract: Due to their superior harmonic profiles and minimal switching energy losses, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have emerged as the primary topology for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications. However, traditional Proportional–Integral (PI) control exhibits inferior dynamic performance using MMC-HVDC supplying power in the passive networks. This study proposes a backstepping super-twisting sliding mode control strategy, which significantly improves the dynamic performance of the MMC-HVDC system and mitigates fluctuations in the DC side voltage. First, a mathematical model is established based on the topology of the modular multilevel HVDC transmission system. Then, utilizing the backstepping method, a virtual control law for the current inner loop is designed according to the mathematical model. Subsequently, the super-twisting sliding mode algorithm is introduced based on the backstepping method to form the backstepping super-twisting sliding mode control law. Finally, a comprehensive model is established within the Matlab/Simulink environment, and extensive simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed backstepping super-twisting sliding mode control under stable operation, grid voltage sag, and single-phase grounding fault conditions. Comparative evaluations verify that the introduced strategy effectively lowers the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current and suppresses DC voltage ripples. Moreover, compared to the conventional PI method, the new approach provides enhanced transient robustness with noticeably reduced overshoot with considerably lower overshoot compared to traditional PI control, thereby providing a highly reliable and stable solution for MMC-HVDC systems supplying passive networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193716142
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Backstepping Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for MMC-HVDC in Passive Networks.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zerong%22">Wang, Zerong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Xinhong%22">Wu, Xinhong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Hao%22">Dong, Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Hao%22">Huang, Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Yongxi%22">Zhao, Yongxi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhao_yongxi@shiep.edu.cn</i>
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2246. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Backstepping+control+method%22">Backstepping control method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sliding+mode+control%22">Sliding mode control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+distribution+networks%22">Power distribution networks</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High-voltage+direct+current+transmission%22">High-voltage direct current transmission</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Converters+%28Electronics%29%22">Converters (Electronics)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+stability%22">Dynamic stability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Harmonic+distortion+%28Physics%29%22">Harmonic distortion (Physics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Due to their superior harmonic profiles and minimal switching energy losses, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have emerged as the primary topology for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications. However, traditional Proportional–Integral (PI) control exhibits inferior dynamic performance using MMC-HVDC supplying power in the passive networks. This study proposes a backstepping super-twisting sliding mode control strategy, which significantly improves the dynamic performance of the MMC-HVDC system and mitigates fluctuations in the DC side voltage. First, a mathematical model is established based on the topology of the modular multilevel HVDC transmission system. Then, utilizing the backstepping method, a virtual control law for the current inner loop is designed according to the mathematical model. Subsequently, the super-twisting sliding mode algorithm is introduced based on the backstepping method to form the backstepping super-twisting sliding mode control law. Finally, a comprehensive model is established within the Matlab/Simulink environment, and extensive simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed backstepping super-twisting sliding mode control under stable operation, grid voltage sag, and single-phase grounding fault conditions. Comparative evaluations verify that the introduced strategy effectively lowers the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current and suppresses DC voltage ripples. Moreover, compared to the conventional PI method, the new approach provides enhanced transient robustness with noticeably reduced overshoot with considerably lower overshoot compared to traditional PI control, thereby providing a highly reliable and stable solution for MMC-HVDC systems supplying passive networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19092246
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2246
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Backstepping control method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sliding mode control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power distribution networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High-voltage direct current transmission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Converters (Electronics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dynamic stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Harmonic distortion (Physics)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Backstepping Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for MMC-HVDC in Passive Networks.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wang, Zerong
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wu, Xinhong
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            NameFull: Dong, Hao
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            NameFull: Huang, Hao
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhao, Yongxi
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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