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Controlling Doping Preference of Spiro‐OMeTAD for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

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Title: Controlling Doping Preference of Spiro‐OMeTAD for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
Authors: Kim, Yeji1 (AUTHOR), Yeom, Kyung Mun2 (AUTHOR), Kim, Heesu1 (AUTHOR), Park, Eun Young2 (AUTHOR), Tran, Thi Ha Giang1 (AUTHOR), Lim, Jeongin1 (AUTHOR), Lim, Eungyeol1 (AUTHOR), Jeong, Hee Jeong2 (AUTHOR), Jeon, Nam Joong2,3 (AUTHOR) njjeon@krict.re.kr, Song, Seulki1 (AUTHOR) sksong@cnu.ac.kr
Source: Advanced Energy Materials. 5/13/2026, Vol. 16 Issue 18, p1-12. 12p.
Subject Terms: *Pyridine derivatives, *Doping agents (Chemistry), *Thermal stability, *Solar cell efficiency, *Organic semiconductors, *Ion pairs, *Solar cells
Abstract: Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer excellent optoelectronic properties and low‐cost fabrication. However, their commercialization is limited by the instability and slow oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD induced by the hygroscopic Li‐TFSI and highly volatile tBP dopants. In this work, two commercially available pyridine derivatives, 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) and 4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (TFMP), are introduced to regulate the Li+–TFSI– environment and improve the doping behavior of spiro‐OMeTAD. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that DMAP strongly interacts with Li+ but exhibits negligible interaction with TFSI−, thereby suppressing Li+–TFSI− dissociation and hindering oxidation. In contrast, the electron‐withdrawing TFMP promotes ion‐pair dissociation through electrostatic interactions with TFSI−, increasing the availability of free TFSI− required for efficient doping. As a result, TFMP‐treated spiro‐OMeTAD shows enhanced conductivity and an optimized work function, and TFMP also contributes to perovskite passivation through interactions with Pb2+. Consequently, PSCs incorporating TFMP achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.92% and exhibit markedly improved operational durability. Notably, under continuous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 1‐sun illumination, TFMP‐treated devices retained over 91% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h. These results demonstrate that TFMP not only effectively regulates dopants and accelerates the doping process but also enables excellent long‐term and thermal stability compared to control devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194052597
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Controlling Doping Preference of Spiro‐OMeTAD for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Yeji%22">Kim, Yeji</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yeom%2C+Kyung+Mun%22">Yeom, Kyung Mun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Heesu%22">Kim, Heesu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Eun+Young%22">Park, Eun Young</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tran%2C+Thi+Ha+Giang%22">Tran, Thi Ha Giang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lim%2C+Jeongin%22">Lim, Jeongin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lim%2C+Eungyeol%22">Lim, Eungyeol</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jeong%2C+Hee+Jeong%22">Jeong, Hee Jeong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jeon%2C+Nam+Joong%22">Jeon, Nam Joong</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> njjeon@krict.re.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Seulki%22">Song, Seulki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sksong@cnu.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advanced+Energy+Materials%22">Advanced Energy Materials</searchLink>. 5/13/2026, Vol. 16 Issue 18, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyridine+derivatives%22">Pyridine derivatives</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Doping+agents+%28Chemistry%29%22">Doping agents (Chemistry)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cell+efficiency%22">Solar cell efficiency</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+semiconductors%22">Organic semiconductors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ion+pairs%22">Ion pairs</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer excellent optoelectronic properties and low‐cost fabrication. However, their commercialization is limited by the instability and slow oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD induced by the hygroscopic Li‐TFSI and highly volatile tBP dopants. In this work, two commercially available pyridine derivatives, 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) and 4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (TFMP), are introduced to regulate the Li+–TFSI– environment and improve the doping behavior of spiro‐OMeTAD. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that DMAP strongly interacts with Li+ but exhibits negligible interaction with TFSI−, thereby suppressing Li+–TFSI− dissociation and hindering oxidation. In contrast, the electron‐withdrawing TFMP promotes ion‐pair dissociation through electrostatic interactions with TFSI−, increasing the availability of free TFSI− required for efficient doping. As a result, TFMP‐treated spiro‐OMeTAD shows enhanced conductivity and an optimized work function, and TFMP also contributes to perovskite passivation through interactions with Pb2+. Consequently, PSCs incorporating TFMP achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.92% and exhibit markedly improved operational durability. Notably, under continuous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 1‐sun illumination, TFMP‐treated devices retained over 91% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h. These results demonstrate that TFMP not only effectively regulates dopants and accelerates the doping process but also enables excellent long‐term and thermal stability compared to control devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/aenm.202506760
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pyridine derivatives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Doping agents (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar cell efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organic semiconductors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ion pairs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar cells
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Controlling Doping Preference of Spiro‐OMeTAD for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
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            NameFull: Kim, Yeji
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            NameFull: Yeom, Kyung Mun
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            NameFull: Kim, Heesu
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            NameFull: Park, Eun Young
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            NameFull: Lim, Jeongin
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            NameFull: Song, Seulki
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            – D: 13
              M: 05
              Text: 5/13/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Advanced Energy Materials
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