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Toward Safe and Efficient Energy Storage: Progress and Challenges of Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries.

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Title: Toward Safe and Efficient Energy Storage: Progress and Challenges of Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries.
Authors: Hou, Wenbo1,2 (AUTHOR), Peng, Hui1 (AUTHOR), Ren, Yawen1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Huanhuan1 (AUTHOR), Sun, Kanjun3 (AUTHOR), Ma, Guofu1 (AUTHOR) magf@nwnu.edu.cn, Shakir, Imran4 (AUTHOR), Xu, Yuxi2 (AUTHOR) xuyuxi@westlake.edu.cn
Source: Advanced Energy Materials. May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 20, p1-42. 42p.
Subject Terms: *Energy storage, *Dendritic crystals, *Temperature control, *Design, *Sodium ion batteries, *Electrolyte analysis, *Interfaces (Physical sciences)
Abstract: Sodium metal batteries (SMB) and anode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMB) are considered as a key candidate for next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their advantages, such as high energy density and cost. However, their practical implementation remains fundamentally challenged by the complex interplay of thermodynamic instability and kinetic limitations at the Na anode interface. Moving beyond conventional, isolated approaches to dendrite suppression, this review presents a holistic design philosophy that integrates electrolyte engineering, interfacial control, and structural architecture. We critically dissect the electro‐chemo‐mechanical interplay governing sodium deposition, from the molecular level solvation structures in liquid and solid electrolytes to the nanoscale properties of the SEI and the three dimensional of current collectors. A dedicated analysis of external field regulation further reveals the profound impact of thermal and pressure management on plating homogeneity. By synthesizing these cross‐cutting strategies, we construct a coherent framework that links fundamental mechanisms to practical cell design. Finally, we pinpoint persistent scientific gaps and outline emerging paradigms, including advanced in‐situ diagnostics and AI‐guided materials discovery, to illuminate the path toward intrinsically safe and commercially viable sodium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194136195
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Toward Safe and Efficient Energy Storage: Progress and Challenges of Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hou%2C+Wenbo%22">Hou, Wenbo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Hui%22">Peng, Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ren%2C+Yawen%22">Ren, Yawen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Huanhuan%22">Wang, Huanhuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Kanjun%22">Sun, Kanjun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Guofu%22">Ma, Guofu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> magf@nwnu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shakir%2C+Imran%22">Shakir, Imran</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Yuxi%22">Xu, Yuxi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xuyuxi@westlake.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advanced+Energy+Materials%22">Advanced Energy Materials</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 20, p1-42. 42p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dendritic+crystals%22">Dendritic crystals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+control%22">Temperature control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Design%22">Design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sodium+ion+batteries%22">Sodium ion batteries</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrolyte+analysis%22">Electrolyte analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfaces+%28Physical+sciences%29%22">Interfaces (Physical sciences)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Sodium metal batteries (SMB) and anode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMB) are considered as a key candidate for next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their advantages, such as high energy density and cost. However, their practical implementation remains fundamentally challenged by the complex interplay of thermodynamic instability and kinetic limitations at the Na anode interface. Moving beyond conventional, isolated approaches to dendrite suppression, this review presents a holistic design philosophy that integrates electrolyte engineering, interfacial control, and structural architecture. We critically dissect the electro‐chemo‐mechanical interplay governing sodium deposition, from the molecular level solvation structures in liquid and solid electrolytes to the nanoscale properties of the SEI and the three dimensional of current collectors. A dedicated analysis of external field regulation further reveals the profound impact of thermal and pressure management on plating homogeneity. By synthesizing these cross‐cutting strategies, we construct a coherent framework that links fundamental mechanisms to practical cell design. Finally, we pinpoint persistent scientific gaps and outline emerging paradigms, including advanced in‐situ diagnostics and AI‐guided materials discovery, to illuminate the path toward intrinsically safe and commercially viable sodium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194136195
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1002/aenm.70866
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 42
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dendritic crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sodium ion batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrolyte analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interfaces (Physical sciences)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Toward Safe and Efficient Energy Storage: Progress and Challenges of Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries.
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            NameFull: Hou, Wenbo
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            NameFull: Peng, Hui
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            NameFull: Ren, Yawen
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            NameFull: Wang, Huanhuan
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            NameFull: Sun, Kanjun
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            – D: 22
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Advanced Energy Materials
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