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An Equivalent Model for Cooling Tower Boundary Conditions in Industrial Recirculating Cooling Water Systems.

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Title: An Equivalent Model for Cooling Tower Boundary Conditions in Industrial Recirculating Cooling Water Systems.
Authors: Huang, Wei1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yucong1 (AUTHOR), Li, Huokun1 (AUTHOR), He, Zhongzheng1 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhe1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Bo1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Gang1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2400. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Water hammer, *Hydraulic models, *Scientific models, *Cooling towers, *Industrial water supply, *Boundary value problems
Abstract: To mitigate the risks of pressure surges and water hammer during accidental pump trips in industrial cooling water systems, accurate boundary modeling of cooling towers is essential. This study employs the Method of Characteristics (MOC) to evaluate four equivalent models for the central riser shaft: Model A (constant level), Model B (two-way surge tank), Model C (dynamic coupling of shaft and distribution channel), and Model D (composite structure). Results indicate that Model A fails to reflect actual hydraulic states, producing an unrealistic pump reverse speed of −253.24 r/min and overly conservative estimates. While Models B, C, and D exhibit similar pressure trends, Model C most accurately captures the physical drainage process, realistically simulating how the shaft level stabilizes at the distribution channel elevation before declining. By accurately reflecting engineering hydraulics, Model C provides the most reliable basis for water hammer safety assessments. It is recommended for optimizing pump valve closure strategies, vacuum breaker installations, and siphon protection designs in power plant systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194141515
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: An Equivalent Model for Cooling Tower Boundary Conditions in Industrial Recirculating Cooling Water Systems.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Wei%22">Huang, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yucong%22">Chen, Yucong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Huokun%22">Li, Huokun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Zhongzheng%22">He, Zhongzheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhe%22">Li, Zhe</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Bo%22">Liu, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Gang%22">Wang, Gang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2400. 26p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+hammer%22">Water hammer</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydraulic+models%22">Hydraulic models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+models%22">Scientific models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cooling+towers%22">Cooling towers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+water+supply%22">Industrial water supply</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Boundary+value+problems%22">Boundary value problems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To mitigate the risks of pressure surges and water hammer during accidental pump trips in industrial cooling water systems, accurate boundary modeling of cooling towers is essential. This study employs the Method of Characteristics (MOC) to evaluate four equivalent models for the central riser shaft: Model A (constant level), Model B (two-way surge tank), Model C (dynamic coupling of shaft and distribution channel), and Model D (composite structure). Results indicate that Model A fails to reflect actual hydraulic states, producing an unrealistic pump reverse speed of −253.24 r/min and overly conservative estimates. While Models B, C, and D exhibit similar pressure trends, Model C most accurately captures the physical drainage process, realistically simulating how the shaft level stabilizes at the distribution channel elevation before declining. By accurately reflecting engineering hydraulics, Model C provides the most reliable basis for water hammer safety assessments. It is recommended for optimizing pump valve closure strategies, vacuum breaker installations, and siphon protection designs in power plant systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19102400
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 2400
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Water hammer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydraulic models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scientific models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cooling towers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial water supply
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Boundary value problems
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: An Equivalent Model for Cooling Tower Boundary Conditions in Industrial Recirculating Cooling Water Systems.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huang, Wei
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chen, Yucong
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Li, Huokun
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: He, Zhongzheng
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li, Zhe
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Liu, Bo
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wang, Gang
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            – D: 15
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 10
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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