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Beyond School Police Officers: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure to a Fuller Range of School Disciplinary Personnel. EdWorkingPaper No. 25-1125

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Title: Beyond School Police Officers: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure to a Fuller Range of School Disciplinary Personnel. EdWorkingPaper No. 25-1125
Language: English
Authors: Ismael G. Munoz, Kenneth A. Shores, Ericka Sherrell Weathers, S. Colby Woods, Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University
Source: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. 2025.
Availability: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. Brown University Box 1985, Providence, RI 02912. Tel: 401-863-7990; Fax: 401-863-1290; e-mail: annenberg@brown.edu; Web site: https://annenberg.brown.edu/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 25
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: High Schools, Discipline Policy, Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Groups, Social Discrimination, Educational Policy, School Security, Police, Security Personnel, Civil Rights, Police School Relationship, Urban Schools
Abstract: Using data from the 2017-18 and 2020-21 Civil Rights Data Collection, we document dis-parities in exposure to disciplinary staff across US high schools and geographic levels. Black and Hispanic students are exposed to 1.1 and 0.8 more disciplinary personnel than White students, respectively, which is equivalent to roughly twice the total average expo-sure to disciplinary personnel in high schools. This disparity is primarily due to differences in exposure to SSOs and to between district/within metropolitan--as opposed to between school/within district or between state--variation, though disparities exist at nearly all geo-graphic scales and for LEOs. These findings highlight the need to examine all disciplinary personnel roles to inform policies aimed at reducing inequities in school discipline practic-es.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: ED671110
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. Brown University Box 1985, Providence, RI 02912. Tel: 401-863-7990; Fax: 401-863-1290; e-mail: annenberg@brown.edu; Web site: https://annenberg.brown.edu/
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Using data from the 2017-18 and 2020-21 Civil Rights Data Collection, we document dis-parities in exposure to disciplinary staff across US high schools and geographic levels. Black and Hispanic students are exposed to 1.1 and 0.8 more disciplinary personnel than White students, respectively, which is equivalent to roughly twice the total average expo-sure to disciplinary personnel in high schools. This disparity is primarily due to differences in exposure to SSOs and to between district/within metropolitan--as opposed to between school/within district or between state--variation, though disparities exist at nearly all geo-graphic scales and for LEOs. These findings highlight the need to examine all disciplinary personnel roles to inform policies aimed at reducing inequities in school discipline practic-es.
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      – Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: High Schools
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      – SubjectFull: Racial Discrimination
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      – SubjectFull: Ethnic Groups
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