The Effects of Universal School Vouchers on Private School Tuition and Enrollment: A National Analysis. Technical Report
Saved in:
| Title: | The Effects of Universal School Vouchers on Private School Tuition and Enrollment: A National Analysis. Technical Report |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Douglas Harris, Gabriel Olivier, National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH) |
| Source: | National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice. 2025. |
| Availability: | National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice. 1555 Poydras Street Suite 700, New Orleans, LA 70112. Tel: 870-540-6576; e-mail: info@reachcentered.org; Web site: https://reachcentered.org/ |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 100 |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Document Type: | Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Educational Vouchers, Private Schools, Enrollment, Tuition, Educational Policy, COVID-19, Pandemics, Public Schools, Educational Finance |
| Abstract: | Three-quarters of a century after Milton Friedman popularized the idea, universal school vouchers have suddenly become a reality in 17 states since 2021. These new policies promise to be one of the most far-reaching reforms in U.S. education history. We make two contributions to understanding this policy. First, we provide a rich description of the private school sector nationally. We show that private schools vary widely and are much smaller and cheaper than is typically understood. Second, we study the policy's short-term effects on student enrollment and tuition using difference-in-differences analysis comparing the 11 states that adopted universal vouchers between 2021 and 2024 to non-universal voucher states. We find that universal vouchers have started to reshape the schooling market. Private school enrollment has increased by 3-4 percent relative to non-voucher states on average, mainly in schools with low baseline enrollments and non-Catholic religious schools. Vouchers have also likely increased private school tuition by 5-10 percent, primarily in non-religious schools and those that had low-enrollment/low-tuition at baseline. We also discuss the effects of COVID on enrollment and tuition, which complicates the analysis and interpretation of the voucher effects. Finally, we explain why the effects have been small so far and why they are likely to grow as schools and families adjust to the new policy reality. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | ED678934 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED678934 Name: ERIC Full Text Category: fullText Text: Full Text from ERIC |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: eric DbLabel: ERIC An: ED678934 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Report PubTypeId: report PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The Effects of Universal School Vouchers on Private School Tuition and Enrollment: A National Analysis. Technical Report – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Douglas+Harris%22">Douglas Harris</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gabriel+Olivier%22">Gabriel Olivier</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22National+Center+for+Research+on+Education+Access+and+Choice+%28REACH%29%22">National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH)</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22National+Center+for+Research+on+Education+Access+and+Choice%22"><i>National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice</i></searchLink>. 2025. – Name: Avail Label: Availability Group: Avail Data: National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice. 1555 Poydras Street Suite 700, New Orleans, LA 70112. Tel: 870-540-6576; e-mail: info@reachcentered.org; Web site: https://reachcentered.org/ – Name: PeerReviewed Label: Peer Reviewed Group: SrcInfo Data: Y – Name: Pages Label: Page Count Group: Src Data: 100 – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Date Group: Date Data: 2025 – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: Reports - Research – Name: Subject Label: Descriptors Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Vouchers%22">Educational Vouchers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Private+Schools%22">Private Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enrollment%22">Enrollment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tuition%22">Tuition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Policy%22">Educational Policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+Schools%22">Public Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Finance%22">Educational Finance</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Three-quarters of a century after Milton Friedman popularized the idea, universal school vouchers have suddenly become a reality in 17 states since 2021. These new policies promise to be one of the most far-reaching reforms in U.S. education history. We make two contributions to understanding this policy. First, we provide a rich description of the private school sector nationally. We show that private schools vary widely and are much smaller and cheaper than is typically understood. Second, we study the policy's short-term effects on student enrollment and tuition using difference-in-differences analysis comparing the 11 states that adopted universal vouchers between 2021 and 2024 to non-universal voucher states. We find that universal vouchers have started to reshape the schooling market. Private school enrollment has increased by 3-4 percent relative to non-voucher states on average, mainly in schools with low baseline enrollments and non-Catholic religious schools. Vouchers have also likely increased private school tuition by 5-10 percent, primarily in non-religious schools and those that had low-enrollment/low-tuition at baseline. We also discuss the effects of COVID on enrollment and tuition, which complicates the analysis and interpretation of the voucher effects. Finally, we explain why the effects have been small so far and why they are likely to grow as schools and families adjust to the new policy reality. – Name: AbstractInfo Label: Abstractor Group: Ab Data: As Provided – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date Group: Date Data: 2026 – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: ED678934 |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED678934 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 100 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Educational Vouchers Type: general – SubjectFull: Private Schools Type: general – SubjectFull: Enrollment Type: general – SubjectFull: Tuition Type: general – SubjectFull: Educational Policy Type: general – SubjectFull: COVID-19 Type: general – SubjectFull: Pandemics Type: general – SubjectFull: Public Schools Type: general – SubjectFull: Educational Finance Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The Effects of Universal School Vouchers on Private School Tuition and Enrollment: A National Analysis. Technical Report Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH) – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Douglas Harris – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gabriel Olivier IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 12 M: 09 Type: published Y: 2025 Titles: – TitleFull: National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
