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School Choice Enrollment Systems in Large U.S. Cities: Implications for Integration and Equitable Access. Technical Report

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Title: School Choice Enrollment Systems in Large U.S. Cities: Implications for Integration and Equitable Access. Technical Report
Language: English
Authors: Jon Valant (ORCID 0000-0001-6478-8181), Jane Arnold Lincove (ORCID 0000-0001-6656-8537), Nicolas Zerbino (ORCID 0009-0005-3217-6531), National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH)
Source: National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice. 2025.
Availability: National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice. 1555 Poydras Street Suite 700, New Orleans, LA 70112. Tel: 870-540-6576; e-mail: info@reachcentered.org; Web site: https://reachcentered.org/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 60
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Contract Number: R305C180025
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Descriptors: School Districts, Elementary Schools, Secondary Schools, Centralization, School Segregation, School Choice, Enrollment Influences, African American Students, Hispanic American Students, White Students, Disproportionate Representation, School Policy, Metropolitan Areas, Urban Areas, Enrollment Rate
Abstract: Many cities have adopted unified enrollment (UE) systems that centralize the school choice application and assignment process. We examine the proliferation of these systems in large U.S. cities, focusing on whether adopting UE affects integration or access. We use Callaway and Sant'Anna difference-in-differences (CSDID) models to test if UE implementation changes systemwide racial and ethnic segregation levels. We then use comparative interrupted time series (CITS) models to test if UE changes enrollment patterns in schools that were disproportionately White before UE. We find little evidence of immediate effects. However, over time, we see incremental reductions in segregation and increases in nonwhite enrollment in schools where these students had been underrepresented. We discuss these findings alongside descriptions of notable UE policies.
Abstractor: As Provided
IES Funded: Yes
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: ED678935
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED678935
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PubType: Report
PubTypeId: report
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IllustrationInfo
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  Data: School Choice Enrollment Systems in Large U.S. Cities: Implications for Integration and Equitable Access. Technical Report
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jon+Valant%22">Jon Valant</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-8181">0000-0001-6478-8181</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jane+Arnold+Lincove%22">Jane Arnold Lincove</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-8537">0000-0001-6656-8537</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nicolas+Zerbino%22">Nicolas Zerbino</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3217-6531">0009-0005-3217-6531</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22National+Center+for+Research+on+Education+Access+and+Choice+%28REACH%29%22">National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH)</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22National+Center+for+Research+on+Education+Access+and+Choice%22"><i>National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice</i></searchLink>. 2025.
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  Data: National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice. 1555 Poydras Street Suite 700, New Orleans, LA 70112. Tel: 870-540-6576; e-mail: info@reachcentered.org; Web site: https://reachcentered.org/
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  Data: Y
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  Group: Src
  Data: 60
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  Label: Publication Date
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  Data: 2025
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  Label: Sponsoring Agency
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  Data: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
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  Data: R305C180025
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  Data: Reports - Research
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  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Districts%22">School Districts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Schools%22">Elementary Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+Schools%22">Secondary Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Centralization%22">Centralization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Segregation%22">School Segregation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Choice%22">School Choice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enrollment+Influences%22">Enrollment Influences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22African+American+Students%22">African American Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hispanic+American+Students%22">Hispanic American Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+Students%22">White Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disproportionate+Representation%22">Disproportionate Representation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Policy%22">School Policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metropolitan+Areas%22">Metropolitan Areas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+Areas%22">Urban Areas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enrollment+Rate%22">Enrollment Rate</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Many cities have adopted unified enrollment (UE) systems that centralize the school choice application and assignment process. We examine the proliferation of these systems in large U.S. cities, focusing on whether adopting UE affects integration or access. We use Callaway and Sant'Anna difference-in-differences (CSDID) models to test if UE implementation changes systemwide racial and ethnic segregation levels. We then use comparative interrupted time series (CITS) models to test if UE changes enrollment patterns in schools that were disproportionately White before UE. We find little evidence of immediate effects. However, over time, we see incremental reductions in segregation and increases in nonwhite enrollment in schools where these students had been underrepresented. We discuss these findings alongside descriptions of notable UE policies.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
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  Data: As Provided
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  Label: IES Funded
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  Data: Yes
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: ED678935
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED678935
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 60
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: School Districts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Centralization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Segregation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Choice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enrollment Influences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: African American Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hispanic American Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: White Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disproportionate Representation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Policy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metropolitan Areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Urban Areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enrollment Rate
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: School Choice Enrollment Systems in Large U.S. Cities: Implications for Integration and Equitable Access. Technical Report
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              Y: 2025
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