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Cultural Effects Rather than a Bilingual Advantage in Cognition: A Review and an Empirical Study

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Title: Cultural Effects Rather than a Bilingual Advantage in Cognition: A Review and an Empirical Study
Language: English
Authors: Samuel, Steven, Roehr-Brackin, Karen, Pak, Hyensou, Kim, Hyunji
Source: Cognitive Science. Sep 2018 42(7):2313-2341.
Availability: Wiley-Blackwell. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148. Tel: 800-835-6770; Tel: 781-388-8598; Fax: 781-388-8232; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 29
Publication Date: 2018
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Linguistic Theory, Language Processing, Cognitive Ability, Evidence, Age Differences, Task Analysis, Young Adults, Asian Culture, Western Civilization, Cultural Background, Comparative Analysis, Korean, English, Performance, Cultural Influences
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12672
ISSN: 0364-0213
Abstract: The bilingual advantage hypothesis contends that the management of two languages in the brain is carried out through domain-general mechanisms, and that bilinguals possess a performance advantage over monolinguals on (nonlinguistic) tasks that tap these processes. Presently, there is evidence both for and against such an advantage. Interestingly, the evidence in favor has been thought strongest in children and older adults, leading some researchers to argue that young adults might be at peak performance levels, and therefore bilingualism is unable to confer an improvement. We conducted a large-scale review of the extant literature and found that the weight of research pointed to an absence of positive evidence for a bilingual advantage at any age. We next gave a large number of young adult participants a task designed to test the bilingual advantage hypothesis. Reasoning from the literature that young adults from an East Asian (Korean) culture would likely outperform those from a Western (British) culture, we also compared participants on this factor. We found no evidence for a bilingual advantage but did find evidence for enhanced performance in the Korean group. We interpret these results as further evidence against the bilingual advantage hypotheses.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2018
Accession Number: EJ1191229
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Cognitive+Science%22"><i>Cognitive Science</i></searchLink>. Sep 2018 42(7):2313-2341.
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  Data: Wiley-Blackwell. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148. Tel: 800-835-6770; Tel: 781-388-8598; Fax: 781-388-8232; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA
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  Data: 10.1111/cogs.12672
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  Data: The bilingual advantage hypothesis contends that the management of two languages in the brain is carried out through domain-general mechanisms, and that bilinguals possess a performance advantage over monolinguals on (nonlinguistic) tasks that tap these processes. Presently, there is evidence both for and against such an advantage. Interestingly, the evidence in favor has been thought strongest in children and older adults, leading some researchers to argue that young adults might be at peak performance levels, and therefore bilingualism is unable to confer an improvement. We conducted a large-scale review of the extant literature and found that the weight of research pointed to an absence of positive evidence for a bilingual advantage at any age. We next gave a large number of young adult participants a task designed to test the bilingual advantage hypothesis. Reasoning from the literature that young adults from an East Asian (Korean) culture would likely outperform those from a Western (British) culture, we also compared participants on this factor. We found no evidence for a bilingual advantage but did find evidence for enhanced performance in the Korean group. We interpret these results as further evidence against the bilingual advantage hypotheses.
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 2313
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Bilingualism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Linguistic Theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Processing
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      – SubjectFull: Cultural Influences
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      – TitleFull: Cultural Effects Rather than a Bilingual Advantage in Cognition: A Review and an Empirical Study
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