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Accuracy and Variability in Early Spontaneous Word Production: The Effects of Age, Frequency and Neighbourhood Density

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Title: Accuracy and Variability in Early Spontaneous Word Production: The Effects of Age, Frequency and Neighbourhood Density
Language: English
Authors: Jones, Samuel David (ORCID 0000-0002-8870-3223)
Source: First Language. Apr 2020 40(2):128-150.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2020
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Native Language, Age Differences, Vocabulary Development, Computational Linguistics, Pronunciation, Speech Communication, Phonology, Prediction, Accuracy, Word Frequency, Linguistic Input, Correlation, Psychomotor Skills, Profiles, Infants, Toddlers, Young Children, Longitudinal Studies, Language Acquisition, North American English
DOI: 10.1177/0142723719894768
ISSN: 0142-7237
Abstract: High rates of error and variability in early word production may signal speech sound disorder. However, there is little consensus regarding the degree of error and variability that may be expected in the typical range. Relatedly, while variables including child age, word frequency and word phonological neighbourhood density are associated with variance in word production accuracy and variability, such effects remain under-examined in spontaneous speech. This study measured the accuracy and variability of 234,551 spontaneous word productions from five typically developing children in the Providence corpus (0;11-4;0). Using Bayesian regression, accuracy and variability rates were predicted by age, input frequency, phonological neighbourhood density, and interactions between these variables. Between 61% and 72% of word productions were both inaccurate and variable according to strict criteria. However loosening these criteria to accommodate production inconsistencies unlikely to be considered erroneous (e.g. the target /[characters omitted]/ pronounced /[characters omitted]/) reduced this figure to between 10% and 17%, with the majority of word productions then classed as accurate and stable (48%-58%). In addition, accuracy was higher and variability was lower in later months of sampling, and for high frequency words and high density words. The author discusses the implications of these results for future research and the differential diagnosis of speech sound disorder, and presents an explanatory account of findings emphasizing the development of oral-motor skills and increasingly detailed phonological word representations.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/w9y27
Entry Date: 2020
Accession Number: EJ1249801
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Accuracy and Variability in Early Spontaneous Word Production: The Effects of Age, Frequency and Neighbourhood Density
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jones%2C+Samuel+David%22">Jones, Samuel David</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8870-3223">0000-0002-8870-3223</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22First+Language%22"><i>First Language</i></searchLink>. Apr 2020 40(2):128-150.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Native+Language%22">Native Language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+Differences%22">Age Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocabulary+Development%22">Vocabulary Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+Linguistics%22">Computational Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pronunciation%22">Pronunciation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+Communication%22">Speech Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonology%22">Phonology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prediction%22">Prediction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+Frequency%22">Word Frequency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Linguistic+Input%22">Linguistic Input</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Correlation%22">Correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychomotor+Skills%22">Psychomotor Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Profiles%22">Profiles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infants%22">Infants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toddlers%22">Toddlers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Children%22">Young Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+Studies%22">Longitudinal Studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Acquisition%22">Language Acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22North+American+English%22">North American English</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/0142723719894768
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  Data: High rates of error and variability in early word production may signal speech sound disorder. However, there is little consensus regarding the degree of error and variability that may be expected in the typical range. Relatedly, while variables including child age, word frequency and word phonological neighbourhood density are associated with variance in word production accuracy and variability, such effects remain under-examined in spontaneous speech. This study measured the accuracy and variability of 234,551 spontaneous word productions from five typically developing children in the Providence corpus (0;11-4;0). Using Bayesian regression, accuracy and variability rates were predicted by age, input frequency, phonological neighbourhood density, and interactions between these variables. Between 61% and 72% of word productions were both inaccurate and variable according to strict criteria. However loosening these criteria to accommodate production inconsistencies unlikely to be considered erroneous (e.g. the target /[characters omitted]/ pronounced /[characters omitted]/) reduced this figure to between 10% and 17%, with the majority of word productions then classed as accurate and stable (48%-58%). In addition, accuracy was higher and variability was lower in later months of sampling, and for high frequency words and high density words. The author discusses the implications of these results for future research and the differential diagnosis of speech sound disorder, and presents an explanatory account of findings emphasizing the development of oral-motor skills and increasingly detailed phonological word representations.
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  Data: https://osf.io/w9y27
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      – SubjectFull: Native Language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Vocabulary Development
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      – SubjectFull: Prediction
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      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
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      – SubjectFull: Word Frequency
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      – SubjectFull: Linguistic Input
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      – SubjectFull: Language Acquisition
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      – SubjectFull: North American English
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      – TitleFull: Accuracy and Variability in Early Spontaneous Word Production: The Effects of Age, Frequency and Neighbourhood Density
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