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Dual-Task Studies of Working Memory and Arithmetic Performance: A Meta-Analysis

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Title: Dual-Task Studies of Working Memory and Arithmetic Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Language: English
Authors: Chen, Edward H. (ORCID 0000-0002-1925-1067), Bailey, Drew H.
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Feb 2021 47(2):220-233.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Arithmetic, Mathematics Skills, Task Analysis, Meta Analysis, Effect Size, Problem Solving, Difficulty Level, Executive Function, Reaction Time, Accuracy, Age, Prediction
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000822
ISSN: 0278-7393
Abstract: We performed a meta-analysis of dual-task experiments to assess the robustness of the effects of conducting working memory secondary tasks on arithmetic performance. Four hundred effect sizes from 21 studies from 1,049 participants were analyzed across a variety of specifications. Results revealed that increases in working memory load resulted in slower (7% to 19% reduction) speed of solving of arithmetic problems. Of the potential moderators, working memory load type (i.e., central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad), arithmetic task type (e.g., addition verification, approximate addition, exact multiplication), and authors' predictions for significance which served as a proxy for cross-talk were statistically significant across specifications, but participants' age was not. Working memory load type was the most substantial moderator, with central executive tasks leading to the greatest slowing of performance, suggesting that the cognitive complexity of a working memory task may exert a larger influence on performance than the domain-specific overlapping processing demands of similar tasks. We discuss the apparent discrepancy between these findings and findings from correlational studies of the relation between arithmetic performance and working memory, which have reported similar correlations across working memory domains, on average.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1283145
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Dual-Task Studies of Working Memory and Arithmetic Performance: A Meta-Analysis
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Edward+H%2E%22">Chen, Edward H.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-1067">0000-0002-1925-1067</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bailey%2C+Drew+H%2E%22">Bailey, Drew H.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Learning%2C+Memory%2C+and+Cognition%22"><i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition</i></searchLink>. Feb 2021 47(2):220-233.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 14
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Information Analyses<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: We performed a meta-analysis of dual-task experiments to assess the robustness of the effects of conducting working memory secondary tasks on arithmetic performance. Four hundred effect sizes from 21 studies from 1,049 participants were analyzed across a variety of specifications. Results revealed that increases in working memory load resulted in slower (7% to 19% reduction) speed of solving of arithmetic problems. Of the potential moderators, working memory load type (i.e., central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad), arithmetic task type (e.g., addition verification, approximate addition, exact multiplication), and authors' predictions for significance which served as a proxy for cross-talk were statistically significant across specifications, but participants' age was not. Working memory load type was the most substantial moderator, with central executive tasks leading to the greatest slowing of performance, suggesting that the cognitive complexity of a working memory task may exert a larger influence on performance than the domain-specific overlapping processing demands of similar tasks. We discuss the apparent discrepancy between these findings and findings from correlational studies of the relation between arithmetic performance and working memory, which have reported similar correlations across working memory domains, on average.
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        Value: 10.1037/xlm0000822
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 220
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arithmetic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Task Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Executive Function
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      – SubjectFull: Age
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      – SubjectFull: Prediction
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      – TitleFull: Dual-Task Studies of Working Memory and Arithmetic Performance: A Meta-Analysis
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