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Preschool Executive Function and Adult Outcomes: A Developmental Cascade Model

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Title: Preschool Executive Function and Adult Outcomes: A Developmental Cascade Model
Language: English
Authors: Ahmed, Sammy F. (ORCID 0000-0003-3814-2955), Kuhfeld, Megan (ORCID 0000-0002-2231-5228), Watts, Tyler W. (ORCID 0000-0002-2741-0873), Davis-Kean, Pamela E. (ORCID 0000-0001-8389-6268), Vandell, Deborah Lowe (ORCID 0000-0003-2373-9783)
Source: Developmental Psychology. Dec 2021 57(12):2234-2249.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2021
Sponsoring Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: 1519686
5U10HD027040
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Elementary Education
Grade 3
Primary Education
Grade 4
Intermediate Grades
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Executive Function, Adults, Educational Attainment, Self Control, Health, Child Development, Adolescent Development, Correlation, Short Term Memory, Attention Span, Individual Characteristics, Grade 3, Grade 4, Family Environment, Parent Influence, Inhibition
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Woodcock Johnson Psycho Educational Battery, Continuous Performance Test, Stroop Color Word Test, Bayley Mental Development Index, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001270
ISSN: 0012-1649
Abstract: The present study examined longitudinal associations between preschoolers' executive function (EF) and adult educational attainment, impulse control, and general health directly and through its cascading effects on childhood and adolescent EF using a large, national, and prospective longitudinal sample of participants. Data were drawn from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD) and included a diverse sample (52% male at birth; 76% White; 13% Black; 6% Hispanic; and 5% other; 14.23 mean years of maternal education) of 1,364 participants born in 1991 and followed through age 26. Four main findings emerged. First, we observed significant bivariate relations between EF measured at 54 months and adult educational attainment (r = 0.36, p < 0.01), and impulse control (r = 0.11, p = 0.01). Second, early EF measured during preschool and childhood explained variance in adult educational attainment and impulse control above and beyond adolescent EF. Third, childhood EF mediated the association between preschool EF and adult educational attainment and impulse control but did not operate through adolescent EF. Finally, neither preschool EF nor EF measured at other developmental stages predicted health during adulthood. Together, these findings shed light on the direct and cascading influences of EF across development on important domains of adult functioning.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1319326
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Preschool Executive Function and Adult Outcomes: A Developmental Cascade Model
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ahmed%2C+Sammy+F%2E%22&quot;&gt;Ahmed, Sammy F.&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2955&quot;&gt;0000-0003-3814-2955&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kuhfeld%2C+Megan%22&quot;&gt;Kuhfeld, Megan&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-5228&quot;&gt;0000-0002-2231-5228&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Watts%2C+Tyler+W%2E%22&quot;&gt;Watts, Tyler W.&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-0873&quot;&gt;0000-0002-2741-0873&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Davis-Kean%2C+Pamela+E%2E%22&quot;&gt;Davis-Kean, Pamela E.&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-6268&quot;&gt;0000-0001-8389-6268&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Vandell%2C+Deborah+Lowe%22&quot;&gt;Vandell, Deborah Lowe&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-9783&quot;&gt;0000-0003-2373-9783&lt;/externalLink&gt;)
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: National Science Foundation (NSF)&lt;br /&gt;Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: The present study examined longitudinal associations between preschoolers&#39; executive function (EF) and adult educational attainment, impulse control, and general health directly and through its cascading effects on childhood and adolescent EF using a large, national, and prospective longitudinal sample of participants. Data were drawn from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD) and included a diverse sample (52% male at birth; 76% White; 13% Black; 6% Hispanic; and 5% other; 14.23 mean years of maternal education) of 1,364 participants born in 1991 and followed through age 26. Four main findings emerged. First, we observed significant bivariate relations between EF measured at 54 months and adult educational attainment (r = 0.36, p &lt; 0.01), and impulse control (r = 0.11, p = 0.01). Second, early EF measured during preschool and childhood explained variance in adult educational attainment and impulse control above and beyond adolescent EF. Third, childhood EF mediated the association between preschool EF and adult educational attainment and impulse control but did not operate through adolescent EF. Finally, neither preschool EF nor EF measured at other developmental stages predicted health during adulthood. Together, these findings shed light on the direct and cascading influences of EF across development on important domains of adult functioning.
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  Data: 2021
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  Data: EJ1319326
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        Value: 10.1037/dev0001270
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2234
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executive Function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adults
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Attainment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adolescent Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Short Term Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention Span
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Individual Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 3
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      – SubjectFull: Family Environment
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      – SubjectFull: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Home Observation for Measurement of Environment
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      – TitleFull: Preschool Executive Function and Adult Outcomes: A Developmental Cascade Model
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            NameFull: Davis-Kean, Pamela E.
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