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A Pragmatic Study of Congratulation Strategies of Pakistani ESL Learners and British English Speakers

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Title: A Pragmatic Study of Congratulation Strategies of Pakistani ESL Learners and British English Speakers
Language: English
Authors: Saleem, Aisha, Saleem, Tahir (ORCID 0000-0002-7952-0572), Aziz, Asif
Source: Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education. 2022 7.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 22
Publication Date: 2022
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Descriptors: Speech Acts, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Variation, Psychological Patterns, Native Speakers, Social Distance, Socioeconomic Status
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
DOI: 10.1186/s40862-022-00134-9
ISSN: 2363-5169
Abstract: People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because the expressive speech act "congratulations" is not the only way to express happiness and share others their happy news. The present study investigates the congratulation strategies of Pakistani English as second language (ESL) learners and British English speakers under the influence of social distance variable. A quantitative approach is applied in the analysis with the frequency of strategies (semantic formulas) being numerically analyzed. The current study recruited 120 participants, and who were further divided into four different groups: 30 British English speakers, 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the elite class, 30 Pakistani ESL learners of the middle class, and 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the lower class. For data collection, a discourse completion test (DCT) was used as a tool. The findings reveal that the most frequently used types of congratulation strategy are "illocutionary force indicating device" (IFID) followed by overlapped strategies (a combination of two), "an offer of a good wish," "expression of happiness," "request for information," "encouragement," "expression of surprise," and "suggestion of celebration," while other types of strategies are not used by the participants. The study reveals the existence of crosscultural differences in the use of congratulations by Pakistani ESL learners. The findings further show how the middle and lower class of Pakistani ESL learners use a more elaborated form of compliment responses (CRs) as compared to Pakistani ESL learners of elite and British English speakers. The findings may help in understanding the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of Pakistani ESL learners as compared to British English speakers.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1332370
Database: ERIC
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  Data: A Pragmatic Study of Congratulation Strategies of Pakistani ESL Learners and British English Speakers
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saleem%2C+Aisha%22">Saleem, Aisha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saleem%2C+Tahir%22">Saleem, Tahir</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-0572">0000-0002-7952-0572</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aziz%2C+Asif%22">Aziz, Asif</searchLink>
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: 22
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  Data: 10.1186/s40862-022-00134-9
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  Data: People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because the expressive speech act "congratulations" is not the only way to express happiness and share others their happy news. The present study investigates the congratulation strategies of Pakistani English as second language (ESL) learners and British English speakers under the influence of social distance variable. A quantitative approach is applied in the analysis with the frequency of strategies (semantic formulas) being numerically analyzed. The current study recruited 120 participants, and who were further divided into four different groups: 30 British English speakers, 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the elite class, 30 Pakistani ESL learners of the middle class, and 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the lower class. For data collection, a discourse completion test (DCT) was used as a tool. The findings reveal that the most frequently used types of congratulation strategy are "illocutionary force indicating device" (IFID) followed by overlapped strategies (a combination of two), "an offer of a good wish," "expression of happiness," "request for information," "encouragement," "expression of surprise," and "suggestion of celebration," while other types of strategies are not used by the participants. The study reveals the existence of crosscultural differences in the use of congratulations by Pakistani ESL learners. The findings further show how the middle and lower class of Pakistani ESL learners use a more elaborated form of compliment responses (CRs) as compared to Pakistani ESL learners of elite and British English speakers. The findings may help in understanding the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of Pakistani ESL learners as compared to British English speakers.
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      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
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