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Policy and Principal Turnover: The Impact of the Texas Special Education Cap

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Title: Policy and Principal Turnover: The Impact of the Texas Special Education Cap
Language: English
Authors: Mandel, Zoë, Pendola, Andrew (ORCID 0000-0002-3726-4072)
Source: Education Policy Analysis Archives. Nov 2021 29(152).
Availability: Colleges of Education at Arizona State University and the University of South Florida. c/o Editor, USF EDU162, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-5650. Tel: 813-974-3400; Fax: 813-974-3826; Web site: https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/epaa
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 32
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Principals, Labor Turnover, Special Education, Access to Education, State Legislation, Students with Disabilities, Enrollment, School Districts, Financial Support, Administrator Responsibility, Educational Legislation, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Ethics, Job Satisfaction, Predictor Variables, Accountability, At Risk Students, Elementary Secondary Education, Work Environment
Geographic Terms: Texas
Laws, Policies and Program Identifiers: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, No Child Left Behind Act 2001
ISSN: 1068-2341
Abstract: Accountability policies in education play a significant role for the principals tasked with facilitating the implementation of these reforms at the school-level. While these policies are most often intended to improve student outcomes, this is not always the case. In some instances, these policies can prove detrimental to schools, yet principals are still responsible for compliance. In Texas, a federal investigation found the Texas Education Agency (TEA) was restricting access to special education services by incentivizing districts to enroll fewer than 8.5% of students, utilizing these numbers as a measure of district performance. The implementation of the "8.5% cap" in 2004 resulted in a sharp decline in special education enrollment. Employing a sample of all principals in Texas before and after the 2004 law, this paper examines how the 8.5% cap impacted school leader attrition during its implementation. Prior to the implementation of the cap in 2004, we find little association between the proportion of students receiving services and principal turnover. After its implementation however, we find that principals in schools enrolling more than 8.5% of students in special education had a 0.39 higher odds ratio of switching districts and a 0.14 higher odds ratio of exiting the profession. We conclude by highlighting the scarcity of school labor market research that accounts for state-level education policies and note that policy may be more associated with principal turnover than student characteristics themselves.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1337939
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Policy and Principal Turnover: The Impact of the Texas Special Education Cap
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Education+Policy+Analysis+Archives%22"><i>Education Policy Analysis Archives</i></searchLink>. Nov 2021 29(152).
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  Data: Colleges of Education at Arizona State University and the University of South Florida. c/o Editor, USF EDU162, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-5650. Tel: 813-974-3400; Fax: 813-974-3826; Web site: https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/epaa
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Texas%22">Texas</searchLink>
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  Data: Accountability policies in education play a significant role for the principals tasked with facilitating the implementation of these reforms at the school-level. While these policies are most often intended to improve student outcomes, this is not always the case. In some instances, these policies can prove detrimental to schools, yet principals are still responsible for compliance. In Texas, a federal investigation found the Texas Education Agency (TEA) was restricting access to special education services by incentivizing districts to enroll fewer than 8.5% of students, utilizing these numbers as a measure of district performance. The implementation of the "8.5% cap" in 2004 resulted in a sharp decline in special education enrollment. Employing a sample of all principals in Texas before and after the 2004 law, this paper examines how the 8.5% cap impacted school leader attrition during its implementation. Prior to the implementation of the cap in 2004, we find little association between the proportion of students receiving services and principal turnover. After its implementation however, we find that principals in schools enrolling more than 8.5% of students in special education had a 0.39 higher odds ratio of switching districts and a 0.14 higher odds ratio of exiting the profession. We conclude by highlighting the scarcity of school labor market research that accounts for state-level education policies and note that policy may be more associated with principal turnover than student characteristics themselves.
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  Data: EJ1337939
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 32
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Educational Policy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Principals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Labor Turnover
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Special Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Access to Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: State Legislation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Students with Disabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enrollment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Districts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Financial Support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Administrator Responsibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Legislation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Equal Education
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      – SubjectFull: Federal Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: Ethics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Job Satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Predictor Variables
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accountability
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      – SubjectFull: At Risk Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Secondary Education
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      – SubjectFull: Work Environment
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      – SubjectFull: Texas
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      – SubjectFull: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: No Child Left Behind Act 2001
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      – TitleFull: Policy and Principal Turnover: The Impact of the Texas Special Education Cap
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