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Relations between Language, Non-Verbal Cognition, and Conceptualization in Non- or Minimally Verbal Individuals with ASD across the Lifespan

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Title: Relations between Language, Non-Verbal Cognition, and Conceptualization in Non- or Minimally Verbal Individuals with ASD across the Lifespan
Language: English
Authors: Slušná, Dominika (ORCID 0000-0002-4886-7397), Rodríguez, Andrea, Salvadó, Berta, Vicente, Agustín, Hinzen, Wolfram
Source: Autism & Developmental Language Impairments. 2021 6.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Correlation, Expressive Language, Receptive Language, Nonverbal Ability, Children, Adults, Foreign Countries, Predictor Variables, Language Impairments, Language Skills
Geographic Terms: Spain (Barcelona), Spain
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Leiter International Performance Scale
DOI: 10.1177/23969415211053264
ISSN: 2396-9415
Abstract: Background & aims: Individuals with non- or minimally verbal autism (nvASD) are primarily characterized by a severe speech production deficit, with speech limited to no or only a few words by school age. Significant unclarity remains over variability in language profiles across the lifespan, the nature of the language impairment seen, and (dis-) associations between linguistic and nonverbal cognitive measures. Methods: To address these questions, we recruited both a school-age and an adult group with nvASD (total N = 49) and investigated relations between expressive and receptive language, and between these and nonverbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ) and sense-making capacities (the ComFor test). Results: Results revealed limited variation across this sample in receptive language, which in turn predicted expressive language levels. Importantly, an upward trend in verbal mental age (VMA) across increasing chronological age was seen in the youngsters (only). A radical dissociation between NVIQ and both expressive and receptive language transpired as well, and a subset of individuals with normal NVIQ were comparable in terms of any other cognitive aspect. Sense-making reached symbolic levels in 62.2% of the sample and loaded on both verbal and nonverbal factors. Conclusions: These patterns inform theories of nvASD by revealing an impairment that is not conceptualizable as one of expressive language only, sharply limits learning opportunities across the lifespan, and cannot be compensated for by nonverbal cognition. Implications: These findings stress the need to seize developmental opportunities that may disappear when youngsters turn into adults, via therapies that specifically target language as a central cognitive system comprising both production and comprehension.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1349761
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Relations between Language, Non-Verbal Cognition, and Conceptualization in Non- or Minimally Verbal Individuals with ASD across the Lifespan
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  Data: English
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Slušná%2C+Dominika%22">Slušná, Dominika</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-7397">0000-0002-4886-7397</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodríguez%2C+Andrea%22">Rodríguez, Andrea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salvadó%2C+Berta%22">Salvadó, Berta</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vicente%2C+Agustín%22">Vicente, Agustín</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hinzen%2C+Wolfram%22">Hinzen, Wolfram</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Autism+%26+Developmental+Language+Impairments%22"><i>Autism & Developmental Language Impairments</i></searchLink>. 2021 6.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
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  Data: 12
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  Label: Publication Date
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  Data: 2021
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism+Spectrum+Disorders%22">Autism Spectrum Disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Correlation%22">Correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expressive+Language%22">Expressive Language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Receptive+Language%22">Receptive Language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+Ability%22">Nonverbal Ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictor+Variables%22">Predictor Variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Impairments%22">Language Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Skills%22">Language Skills</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain+%28Barcelona%29%22">Spain (Barcelona)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
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  Label: Assessment and Survey Identifiers
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Peabody+Picture+Vocabulary+Test%22">Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Autism+Diagnostic+Observation+Schedule%22">Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Leiter+International+Performance+Scale%22">Leiter International Performance Scale</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1177/23969415211053264
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 2396-9415
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background & aims: Individuals with non- or minimally verbal autism (nvASD) are primarily characterized by a severe speech production deficit, with speech limited to no or only a few words by school age. Significant unclarity remains over variability in language profiles across the lifespan, the nature of the language impairment seen, and (dis-) associations between linguistic and nonverbal cognitive measures. Methods: To address these questions, we recruited both a school-age and an adult group with nvASD (total N = 49) and investigated relations between expressive and receptive language, and between these and nonverbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ) and sense-making capacities (the ComFor test). Results: Results revealed limited variation across this sample in receptive language, which in turn predicted expressive language levels. Importantly, an upward trend in verbal mental age (VMA) across increasing chronological age was seen in the youngsters (only). A radical dissociation between NVIQ and both expressive and receptive language transpired as well, and a subset of individuals with normal NVIQ were comparable in terms of any other cognitive aspect. Sense-making reached symbolic levels in 62.2% of the sample and loaded on both verbal and nonverbal factors. Conclusions: These patterns inform theories of nvASD by revealing an impairment that is not conceptualizable as one of expressive language only, sharply limits learning opportunities across the lifespan, and cannot be compensated for by nonverbal cognition. Implications: These findings stress the need to seize developmental opportunities that may disappear when youngsters turn into adults, via therapies that specifically target language as a central cognitive system comprising both production and comprehension.
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  Data: 2022
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  Data: EJ1349761
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      – SubjectFull: Correlation
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      – SubjectFull: Expressive Language
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