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A Longitudinal Study of Families Formed through Third-Party Assisted Reproduction: Mother-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment from Infancy to Adulthood

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Title: A Longitudinal Study of Families Formed through Third-Party Assisted Reproduction: Mother-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment from Infancy to Adulthood
Language: English
Authors: Golombok, Susan (ORCID 0000-0003-1623-2693), Jones, Catherine, Hall, Poppy, Foley, Sarah, Imrie, Susan, Jadva, Vasanti
Source: Developmental Psychology. Jun 2023 59(6):1059-1073.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2023
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Mothers, Children, Parent Child Relationship, Birth, Disclosure, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Response, Young Adults, Donors, Well Being, Family Relationship, Age, Emotional Adjustment, Child Rearing, Control Groups, Behavior Problems, Child Behavior, Predictor Variables
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001526
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: The seventh phase of this longitudinal study investigated whether children born through third-party assisted reproduction experienced psychological problems, or difficulties in their relationship with their mothers, in early adulthood. The impact of disclosure of their biological origins, and quality of mother-child relationships from age 3 onward, were also examined. Sixty-five assisted reproduction families, including 22 surrogacy families, 17 egg donation families, and 26 sperm donation families, were compared with 52 unassisted conception families when the children were aged 20. Less than half of the mothers had completed tertiary education and less than 5% were from ethnic minority backgrounds. Standardized interviews and questionnaires were administered to mothers and young adults. There were no differences between assisted reproduction and unassisted conception families in mothers' or young adults' psychological well-being, or the quality of family relationships. However, within the gamete donation families, egg donation mothers reported less positive family relationships than sperm donation mothers, and young adults conceived by sperm donation reported poorer family communication than those conceived by egg donation. Young adults who learned about their biological origins before age 7 had less negative relationships with their mothers, and their mothers showed lower levels of anxiety and depression. Associations between parenting and child adjustment did not differ between assisted and unassisted reproduction families from ages 3 to 20. The findings suggest that the absence of a biological connection between children and their parents in assisted reproduction families does not interfere with the development of positive mother-child relationships or psychological adjustment in adulthood.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2023
Accession Number: EJ1384725
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: A Longitudinal Study of Families Formed through Third-Party Assisted Reproduction: Mother-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment from Infancy to Adulthood
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Golombok%2C+Susan%22">Golombok, Susan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-2693">0000-0003-1623-2693</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jones%2C+Catherine%22">Jones, Catherine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hall%2C+Poppy%22">Hall, Poppy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foley%2C+Sarah%22">Foley, Sarah</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Imrie%2C+Susan%22">Imrie, Susan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jadva%2C+Vasanti%22">Jadva, Vasanti</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. Jun 2023 59(6):1059-1073.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 15
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  Data: 2023
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Child+Relationship%22">Parent Child Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Birth%22">Birth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disclosure%22">Disclosure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+Patterns%22">Psychological Patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+Response%22">Emotional Response</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Adults%22">Young Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Donors%22">Donors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Well+Being%22">Well Being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Family+Relationship%22">Family Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age%22">Age</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+Adjustment%22">Emotional Adjustment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Rearing%22">Child Rearing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Control+Groups%22">Control Groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Problems%22">Behavior Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Behavior%22">Child Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictor+Variables%22">Predictor Variables</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Strengths+and+Difficulties+Questionnaire%22">Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001526
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
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  Data: 0012-1649<br />1939-0599
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The seventh phase of this longitudinal study investigated whether children born through third-party assisted reproduction experienced psychological problems, or difficulties in their relationship with their mothers, in early adulthood. The impact of disclosure of their biological origins, and quality of mother-child relationships from age 3 onward, were also examined. Sixty-five assisted reproduction families, including 22 surrogacy families, 17 egg donation families, and 26 sperm donation families, were compared with 52 unassisted conception families when the children were aged 20. Less than half of the mothers had completed tertiary education and less than 5% were from ethnic minority backgrounds. Standardized interviews and questionnaires were administered to mothers and young adults. There were no differences between assisted reproduction and unassisted conception families in mothers' or young adults' psychological well-being, or the quality of family relationships. However, within the gamete donation families, egg donation mothers reported less positive family relationships than sperm donation mothers, and young adults conceived by sperm donation reported poorer family communication than those conceived by egg donation. Young adults who learned about their biological origins before age 7 had less negative relationships with their mothers, and their mothers showed lower levels of anxiety and depression. Associations between parenting and child adjustment did not differ between assisted and unassisted reproduction families from ages 3 to 20. The findings suggest that the absence of a biological connection between children and their parents in assisted reproduction families does not interfere with the development of positive mother-child relationships or psychological adjustment in adulthood.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2023
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  Data: EJ1384725
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1037/dev0001526
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1059
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Child Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Birth
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      – SubjectFull: Disclosure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological Patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Emotional Response
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      – SubjectFull: Young Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Donors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Well Being
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age
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      – SubjectFull: Emotional Adjustment
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      – SubjectFull: Child Rearing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Control Groups
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      – SubjectFull: Behavior Problems
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      – SubjectFull: Child Behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Predictor Variables
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Longitudinal Study of Families Formed through Third-Party Assisted Reproduction: Mother-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment from Infancy to Adulthood
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              Y: 2023
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