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Socioeconomic Adversity and Higher Education: Is the Quota Law a Potential Bridge to Social Mobility in Brazil?

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Title: Socioeconomic Adversity and Higher Education: Is the Quota Law a Potential Bridge to Social Mobility in Brazil?
Language: English
Authors: Fernanda Maria de Almeida (ORCID 0000-0001-9132-1552), Kristinn Hermannsson (ORCID 0000-0001-9957-3914), Antônio Sérgio de Araújo Fernandes (ORCID 0000-0002-4171-7759)
Source: Education Policy Analysis Archives. 2024 32(30).
Availability: Colleges of Education at Arizona State University and the University of South Florida. c/o Editor, USF EDU162, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-5650. Tel: 813-974-3400; Fax: 813-974-3826; Web site: https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/epaa
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 21
Publication Date: 2024
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Social Mobility, College Students, Socioeconomic Status, Public Policy, Low Income Students, Access to Education, College Admission, Admission Criteria, Quotas, Family Income, Minority Group Students
Geographic Terms: Brazil
ISSN: 1068-2341
Abstract: This article aims to contribute to the debate on the role of the Quota Law regarding the potential social mobility of students with high socioeconomic adversity, using administrative data from a federal university in Brazil. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique to construct an adversity index, composed of variables that may negatively affect access to higher education, such as students' socioeconomic background, parental education, and ethnicity. We classified courses by expected earnings and assessed how background is associated with course choice. Then, we used regression models estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to identify the relative importance of the interaction between quota categories with the adversity index and the score on the admission exam (National High School Examination -- "Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio" -- ENEM) to predict course choice and consequent possibility of social mobility. The results showed that quotas can reduce the negative effects of socioeconomic adversity on social mobility. However, they are not completely sufficient to "break" the effects of the low quality of secondary education in relation to ENEM performance and, consequently, social mobility
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: EJ1437551
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Socioeconomic Adversity and Higher Education: Is the Quota Law a Potential Bridge to Social Mobility in Brazil?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernanda+Maria+de+Almeida%22">Fernanda Maria de Almeida</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-1552">0000-0001-9132-1552</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kristinn+Hermannsson%22">Kristinn Hermannsson</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-3914">0000-0001-9957-3914</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antônio+Sérgio+de+Araújo+Fernandes%22">Antônio Sérgio de Araújo Fernandes</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-7759">0000-0002-4171-7759</externalLink>)
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  Data: Colleges of Education at Arizona State University and the University of South Florida. c/o Editor, USF EDU162, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-5650. Tel: 813-974-3400; Fax: 813-974-3826; Web site: https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/epaa
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brazil%22">Brazil</searchLink>
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  Data: This article aims to contribute to the debate on the role of the Quota Law regarding the potential social mobility of students with high socioeconomic adversity, using administrative data from a federal university in Brazil. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique to construct an adversity index, composed of variables that may negatively affect access to higher education, such as students' socioeconomic background, parental education, and ethnicity. We classified courses by expected earnings and assessed how background is associated with course choice. Then, we used regression models estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to identify the relative importance of the interaction between quota categories with the adversity index and the score on the admission exam (National High School Examination -- "Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio" -- ENEM) to predict course choice and consequent possibility of social mobility. The results showed that quotas can reduce the negative effects of socioeconomic adversity on social mobility. However, they are not completely sufficient to "break" the effects of the low quality of secondary education in relation to ENEM performance and, consequently, social mobility
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Policy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social Mobility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Status
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      – SubjectFull: Public Policy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Low Income Students
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      – SubjectFull: Access to Education
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      – SubjectFull: College Admission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Admission Criteria
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quotas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family Income
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Minority Group Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brazil
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Socioeconomic Adversity and Higher Education: Is the Quota Law a Potential Bridge to Social Mobility in Brazil?
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            NameFull: Fernanda Maria de Almeida
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            NameFull: Kristinn Hermannsson
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