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Words of Wisdom: A Journey through the Realm of Natural Language Processing for Learning Analytics -- A Systematic Literature Review

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Title: Words of Wisdom: A Journey through the Realm of Natural Language Processing for Learning Analytics -- A Systematic Literature Review
Language: English
Authors: Rafael Ferreira Mello (ORCID 0000-0003-3548-9670), Elyda Freitas (ORCID 0000-0001-7439-9040), Luciano Cabral (ORCID 0000-0002-4235-5753), Filipe Dwan Pereira (ORCID 0000-0003-4914-3347), Luiz Rodrigues (ORCID 0000-0003-0343-3701), Mladen Rakovic (ORCID 0000-0002-1413-1103), Jackson Raniel (ORCID 0000-0002-4355-7410), Dragan Gaševic (ORCID 0000-0001-9265-1908)
Source: Journal of Learning Analytics. 2024 11(3):82-105.
Availability: Society for Learning Analytics Research. 121 Pointe Marsan, Beaumont, AB T4X 0A2, Canada. Tel: +61-429-920-838; e-mail: info@solaresearch.org; Web site: https://learning-analytics.info/index.php/JLA/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 24
Publication Date: 2024
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Literature Reviews, Learning Analytics, Natural Language Processing, Data Collection, Technology Uses in Education, Educational Technology, Student Writing Models, Computational Linguistics, Data Analysis
ISSN: 1929-7750
Abstract: Learning analytics (LA) involves the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, aiming to understand and optimize both the learning process and the environments in which it occurs. Among many themes that the LA community considers, natural language processing (NLP) algorithms have been widely adopted to extract information from textual data generated in learning environments (e.g., student essays and short answers, online discussion and chat). NLP can shed light on the learning process and student outcomes in different contexts. Based on the importance of NLP for education, this paper conducted a systematic literature review of the application of NLP to understand how the LA community has been applying the methods from this field. Our methodology includes automatic and manual methods to extract information about authors, relevant papers, and specific data related to educational applications and algorithms used in the field. This review selected 156 papers that reveal essential aspects of the topic; e.g., (i) the majority of the works focused on the analysis of online discussions and essay assessment; (ii) in general, the authors did not apply the developed models in real settings; (iii) recent papers selected have begun to evaluate deep learning models (e.g., BERT) more frequently; and (iv) the datasets used in the experimentation are usually small and contain English text. The results of this study and its practical implications are further discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1456266
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Words of Wisdom: A Journey through the Realm of Natural Language Processing for Learning Analytics -- A Systematic Literature Review
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rafael+Ferreira+Mello%22">Rafael Ferreira Mello</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-9670">0000-0003-3548-9670</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elyda+Freitas%22">Elyda Freitas</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-9040">0000-0001-7439-9040</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luciano+Cabral%22">Luciano Cabral</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-5753">0000-0002-4235-5753</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Filipe+Dwan+Pereira%22">Filipe Dwan Pereira</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-3347">0000-0003-4914-3347</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luiz+Rodrigues%22">Luiz Rodrigues</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0343-3701">0000-0003-0343-3701</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mladen+Rakovic%22">Mladen Rakovic</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-1103">0000-0002-1413-1103</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jackson+Raniel%22">Jackson Raniel</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7410">0000-0002-4355-7410</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dragan+Gaševic%22">Dragan Gaševic</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-1908">0000-0001-9265-1908</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Learning+Analytics%22"><i>Journal of Learning Analytics</i></searchLink>. 2024 11(3):82-105.
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  Data: Society for Learning Analytics Research. 121 Pointe Marsan, Beaumont, AB T4X 0A2, Canada. Tel: +61-429-920-838; e-mail: info@solaresearch.org; Web site: https://learning-analytics.info/index.php/JLA/index
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  Data: 24
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Literature+Reviews%22">Literature Reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Analytics%22">Learning Analytics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+Language+Processing%22">Natural Language Processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+Collection%22">Data Collection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Technology%22">Educational Technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Writing+Models%22">Student Writing Models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+Linguistics%22">Computational Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+Analysis%22">Data Analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: Learning analytics (LA) involves the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, aiming to understand and optimize both the learning process and the environments in which it occurs. Among many themes that the LA community considers, natural language processing (NLP) algorithms have been widely adopted to extract information from textual data generated in learning environments (e.g., student essays and short answers, online discussion and chat). NLP can shed light on the learning process and student outcomes in different contexts. Based on the importance of NLP for education, this paper conducted a systematic literature review of the application of NLP to understand how the LA community has been applying the methods from this field. Our methodology includes automatic and manual methods to extract information about authors, relevant papers, and specific data related to educational applications and algorithms used in the field. This review selected 156 papers that reveal essential aspects of the topic; e.g., (i) the majority of the works focused on the analysis of online discussions and essay assessment; (ii) in general, the authors did not apply the developed models in real settings; (iii) recent papers selected have begun to evaluate deep learning models (e.g., BERT) more frequently; and (iv) the datasets used in the experimentation are usually small and contain English text. The results of this study and its practical implications are further discussed.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1456266
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 82
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Literature Reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning Analytics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural Language Processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data Collection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Technology
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      – SubjectFull: Student Writing Models
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      – SubjectFull: Computational Linguistics
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      – SubjectFull: Data Analysis
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