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U.S. Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Scoping Review

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Title: U.S. Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Scoping Review
Language: English
Authors: Christina Baker (ORCID 0000-0002-6391-0314), Paul F. Cook
Source: Journal of School Nursing. 2025 41(1):130-157.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 28
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Parent Attitudes, COVID-19, Pandemics, Immunization Programs, Young Children, Preadolescents, Individual Characteristics, Racial Differences, Age Differences, Gender Differences, Educational Attainment, Socioeconomic Status, Health Insurance, Political Affiliation, Place of Residence, Barriers, School Nurses, Role, Intention, Trust (Psychology), Safety
DOI: 10.1177/10598405241252984
ISSN: 1059-8405
1546-8364
Abstract: Parental vaccine hesitancy has been a hotly debated issue long before the COVID-19 pandemic. Still, the emergence of a new vaccine during this public health crisis made even pro-vaccine individuals reconsider vaccines for their children. This scoping review was conducted to understand why parents expressed hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine for children under 12 years old. The search included primary sources of evidence published in English from 2020-2022. A final 41 articles met the criteria. Overall, more vaccine-hesitant characteristics were non-white, female, lower education level, lower income, on public insurance, conservative political affiliation, younger age, and rural residence. Concerns affecting confidence in the vaccine were the risk of possible side effects and lack of trust in the development of the emergency approval of the vaccine. School nurses can acknowledge parental fears and provide parents with evidence-based information when communicating with them about vaccinations.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1458644
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: U.S. Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Scoping Review
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christina+Baker%22">Christina Baker</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-0314">0000-0002-6391-0314</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paul+F%2E+Cook%22">Paul F. Cook</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+School+Nursing%22"><i>Journal of School Nursing</i></searchLink>. 2025 41(1):130-157.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: 28
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Information Analyses<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Attitudes%22">Parent Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immunization+Programs%22">Immunization Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Children%22">Young Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preadolescents%22">Preadolescents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Individual+Characteristics%22">Individual Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Differences%22">Racial Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+Differences%22">Age Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+Differences%22">Gender Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Attainment%22">Educational Attainment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+Status%22">Socioeconomic Status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+Insurance%22">Health Insurance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Political+Affiliation%22">Political Affiliation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Place+of+Residence%22">Place of Residence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barriers%22">Barriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Nurses%22">School Nurses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Role%22">Role</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intention%22">Intention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trust+%28Psychology%29%22">Trust (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Safety%22">Safety</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/10598405241252984
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  Data: 1059-8405<br />1546-8364
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  Data: Parental vaccine hesitancy has been a hotly debated issue long before the COVID-19 pandemic. Still, the emergence of a new vaccine during this public health crisis made even pro-vaccine individuals reconsider vaccines for their children. This scoping review was conducted to understand why parents expressed hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine for children under 12 years old. The search included primary sources of evidence published in English from 2020-2022. A final 41 articles met the criteria. Overall, more vaccine-hesitant characteristics were non-white, female, lower education level, lower income, on public insurance, conservative political affiliation, younger age, and rural residence. Concerns affecting confidence in the vaccine were the risk of possible side effects and lack of trust in the development of the emergency approval of the vaccine. School nurses can acknowledge parental fears and provide parents with evidence-based information when communicating with them about vaccinations.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1458644
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        Value: 10.1177/10598405241252984
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      – Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Parent Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
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      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
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      – SubjectFull: Immunization Programs
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      – SubjectFull: Young Children
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      – SubjectFull: Preadolescents
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      – SubjectFull: Individual Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Racial Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
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      – TitleFull: U.S. Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Scoping Review
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