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Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

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Title: Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study
Language: English
Authors: Ali Özcan (ORCID 0000-0003-2589-0591), Fatma Tezel Sahin (ORCID 0000-0003-2098-2411)
Source: International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. 2025 12(1):15-28.
Availability: International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. Sakarya University, Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey. e-mail: ijpesjournal@gmail.com; Web site: https://ijpes.com/index.php/ijpes/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Parent Child Relationship, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Translation, Turkish, Preschool Children, Influence of Technology, Media Adaptation
Geographic Terms: Turkey
ISSN: 2148-9378
Abstract: The present study aims to adapt the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale (TPCRS) to Turkish culture by conducting validity and reliability analyses. The study group consists of the parents of 445 children between the ages of 3 and 6 attending preschool in the Denizli province. Expert opinions were consulted for the language validity and content validity of the measurement tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the total variance explained was 40.89%, and the items were grouped under a single factor. The model fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis were calculated as X[superscript 2]/sd=1.828, RMSEA=0.046, AGFI=0.96, GFI=0.97, CFI=0.98, NFI=0.96, and SRMR=0.056. These values show that the scale gives acceptable and valid results. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale was found to be 0.72. For criterion-related validity, the correlations between the TPCRS's Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire and the Parental Attitudes Towards Technology Use Scale were analyzed. In addition, item-total and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated at three-week intervals. The analyses for criterion-related validity and test-retest correlations provided sufficient evidence for the validity of the scale. It was observed that the item-total correlation values of the TPCRS ranged between 0.41 and 0.50. The results of the study show that the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1461932
Database: ERIC
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  Availability: 0
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  Data: Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali+Özcan%22">Ali Özcan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-0591">0000-0003-2589-0591</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fatma+Tezel+Sahin%22">Fatma Tezel Sahin</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-2411">0000-0003-2098-2411</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Psychology+and+Educational+Studies%22"><i>International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies</i></searchLink>. 2025 12(1):15-28.
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  Data: International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. Sakarya University, Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey. e-mail: ijpesjournal@gmail.com; Web site: https://ijpes.com/index.php/ijpes/index
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 14
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Child+Relationship%22">Parent Child Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Translation%22">Translation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkish%22">Turkish</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+Children%22">Preschool Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Influence+of+Technology%22">Influence of Technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Media+Adaptation%22">Media Adaptation</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkey%22">Turkey</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
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  Data: 2148-9378
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The present study aims to adapt the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale (TPCRS) to Turkish culture by conducting validity and reliability analyses. The study group consists of the parents of 445 children between the ages of 3 and 6 attending preschool in the Denizli province. Expert opinions were consulted for the language validity and content validity of the measurement tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the total variance explained was 40.89%, and the items were grouped under a single factor. The model fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis were calculated as X[superscript 2]/sd=1.828, RMSEA=0.046, AGFI=0.96, GFI=0.97, CFI=0.98, NFI=0.96, and SRMR=0.056. These values show that the scale gives acceptable and valid results. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale was found to be 0.72. For criterion-related validity, the correlations between the TPCRS's Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire and the Parental Attitudes Towards Technology Use Scale were analyzed. In addition, item-total and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated at three-week intervals. The analyses for criterion-related validity and test-retest correlations provided sufficient evidence for the validity of the scale. It was observed that the item-total correlation values of the TPCRS ranged between 0.41 and 0.50. The results of the study show that the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
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  Data: EJ1461932
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 15
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Child Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Translation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turkish
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Influence of Technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Media Adaptation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turkey
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ali Özcan
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          Name:
            NameFull: Fatma Tezel Sahin
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 2148-9378
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              Value: 12
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies
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