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A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review of Research on Virtual Field Trips and Their Contribution to Students' Academic Achievement

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Title: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review of Research on Virtual Field Trips and Their Contribution to Students' Academic Achievement
Language: English
Authors: Ayhan Koçoglu, Sayed Masood Haidari (ORCID 0000-0003-3221-6343)
Source: Education and Information Technologies. 2025 30(9):12735-12763.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 29
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Computer Simulation, Field Trips, Academic Achievement, Elementary Secondary Education, Postsecondary Education, Effect Size
DOI: 10.1007/s10639-025-13334-w
ISSN: 1360-2357
1573-7608
Abstract: Several primary studies have documented the positive effect of virtual field trips on students' academic achievement, while others have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, this three-level meta-analysis examined the effect of virtual field trips on the academic achievement of students from primary to tertiary education levels, addressing the inconsistencies in primary research findings. Of 382 records identified through an extensive literature search, 33 studies with 47 dependent effect sizes based on data from 4296 students were deemed eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The analysis yielded a large and positive effect size on average (g = 1.36, 95% CI [0.99, 1.73]), with significant within and between-study variance. Among the several categorical moderators examined, none of them significantly accounted for this effect size variability. Overall, the study concluded that virtual field trips may positively contribute to students' academic achievement despite having varying effects yielded by primary studies.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1475114
Database: ERIC
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  Data: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review of Research on Virtual Field Trips and Their Contribution to Students' Academic Achievement
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ayhan+Koçoglu%22">Ayhan Koçoglu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sayed+Masood+Haidari%22">Sayed Masood Haidari</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-6343">0000-0003-3221-6343</externalLink>)
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meta+Analysis%22">Meta Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Simulation%22">Computer Simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Field+Trips%22">Field Trips</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+Size%22">Effect Size</searchLink>
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  Data: Several primary studies have documented the positive effect of virtual field trips on students' academic achievement, while others have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, this three-level meta-analysis examined the effect of virtual field trips on the academic achievement of students from primary to tertiary education levels, addressing the inconsistencies in primary research findings. Of 382 records identified through an extensive literature search, 33 studies with 47 dependent effect sizes based on data from 4296 students were deemed eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The analysis yielded a large and positive effect size on average (g = 1.36, 95% CI [0.99, 1.73]), with significant within and between-study variance. Among the several categorical moderators examined, none of them significantly accounted for this effect size variability. Overall, the study concluded that virtual field trips may positively contribute to students' academic achievement despite having varying effects yielded by primary studies.
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      – SubjectFull: Computer Simulation
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      – SubjectFull: Field Trips
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