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Protection of Savings by Reducing the Salience of Opposing Errors

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Title: Protection of Savings by Reducing the Salience of Opposing Errors
Language: English
Authors: Mousa Javidialsaadi, Scott T. Albert, Badr Moufarrej S. Al Mutairi, Jinsung Wang
Source: npj Science of Learning. 2025 10.
Availability: Nature Portfolio. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.nature.com/npjscilearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: T32HD040127
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Motor Reactions, Error Patterns, Feedback (Response), Motor Development
DOI: 10.1038/s41539-025-00352-z
ISSN: 2056-7936
Abstract: When humans encounter the same perturbation twice, they typically adapt faster the second time, a phenomenon called savings. Studies have examined savings following adaptation to a gradually introduced perturbation, with mixed results. These inconsistencies might be caused by differences in how behavior returns to its baseline state during the 'washout' phase in between learning periods. To test this, participants controlled a cursor that was subject to a visual rotation in its motion direction. The rotation was applied during two learning periods, separated by a washout period where the rotation was removed abruptly, gradually, or without error feedback. We found that the type of error experienced during washout affected savings: abrupt washout with large errors eliminated savings, whereas gradual or no-feedback washout preserved it. Model-based analyses indicated these effects were driven by changes in error sensitivity, suggesting that salient, opposing errors experienced during washout downregulate the response to error, nullifying savings.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1480911
Database: ERIC
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  Data: When humans encounter the same perturbation twice, they typically adapt faster the second time, a phenomenon called savings. Studies have examined savings following adaptation to a gradually introduced perturbation, with mixed results. These inconsistencies might be caused by differences in how behavior returns to its baseline state during the 'washout' phase in between learning periods. To test this, participants controlled a cursor that was subject to a visual rotation in its motion direction. The rotation was applied during two learning periods, separated by a washout period where the rotation was removed abruptly, gradually, or without error feedback. We found that the type of error experienced during washout affected savings: abrupt washout with large errors eliminated savings, whereas gradual or no-feedback washout preserved it. Model-based analyses indicated these effects were driven by changes in error sensitivity, suggesting that salient, opposing errors experienced during washout downregulate the response to error, nullifying savings.
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