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Representations Used by Primary School Students in Solving Math Problems

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Title: Representations Used by Primary School Students in Solving Math Problems
Language: English
Authors: Çigdem Inci Kuzu (ORCID 0000-0003-0143-2473), Kamil Sarikaya (ORCID 0009-0009-8149-2628), Arzu Özyürek (ORCID 0000-0002-3083-7202)
Source: International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2025 11(3):636-652.
Availability: International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. e-mail: ijresoffice@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Early Childhood Education
Grade 2
Primary Education
Grade 3
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Mathematics Instruction, Problem Solving, Grade 2, Grade 3, Visual Aids, Pictorial Stimuli, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Turkey
ISSN: 2148-9955
Abstract: This study examined the types of representations that primary school children create in solving different types of problems, the relationship between these types of representations, and the accuracy rates in solving the problems. The study was conducted with 80 students attending primary school's 2nd and 3rd grades. An achievement test prepared by the researchers, containing eight different problem types, was used as a data collection tool. A total of 279 visual representations students used in problem-solving were examined. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were used in data analysis. As a result, it was seen that the students used 244 operational representations, 217 pictorial representations, and 62 schematic representations and made 64 mental solutions. It was determined that the accuracy rates of problem solutions were 22% for students using operational representation, 33% for students using pictorial representation, 35% for students using schematic representation, and 31% for students using mental solutions. The use of representation skills in the correct solution of problems has been discussed in the light of the literature, and some suggestions have been developed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1480937
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1480937
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  Data: Representations Used by Primary School Students in Solving Math Problems
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Çigdem+Inci+Kuzu%22">Çigdem Inci Kuzu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-2473">0000-0003-0143-2473</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kamil+Sarikaya%22">Kamil Sarikaya</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8149-2628">0009-0009-8149-2628</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arzu+Özyürek%22">Arzu Özyürek</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-7202">0000-0002-3083-7202</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Research+in+Education+and+Science%22"><i>International Journal of Research in Education and Science</i></searchLink>. 2025 11(3):636-652.
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  Data: International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. e-mail: ijresoffice@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 18
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+2%22">Grade 2</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Primary+Education%22">Primary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+3%22">Grade 3</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Instruction%22">Mathematics Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+Solving%22">Problem Solving</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+2%22">Grade 2</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+3%22">Grade 3</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+Aids%22">Visual Aids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pictorial+Stimuli%22">Pictorial Stimuli</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkey%22">Turkey</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 2148-9955
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study examined the types of representations that primary school children create in solving different types of problems, the relationship between these types of representations, and the accuracy rates in solving the problems. The study was conducted with 80 students attending primary school's 2nd and 3rd grades. An achievement test prepared by the researchers, containing eight different problem types, was used as a data collection tool. A total of 279 visual representations students used in problem-solving were examined. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were used in data analysis. As a result, it was seen that the students used 244 operational representations, 217 pictorial representations, and 62 schematic representations and made 64 mental solutions. It was determined that the accuracy rates of problem solutions were 22% for students using operational representation, 33% for students using pictorial representation, 35% for students using schematic representation, and 31% for students using mental solutions. The use of representation skills in the correct solution of problems has been discussed in the light of the literature, and some suggestions have been developed.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1480937
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 636
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 2
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 3
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual Aids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pictorial Stimuli
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turkey
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Representations Used by Primary School Students in Solving Math Problems
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          Name:
            NameFull: Çigdem Inci Kuzu
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            NameFull: Kamil Sarikaya
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            NameFull: Arzu Özyürek
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2148-9955
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              Value: 11
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              Value: 3
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Research in Education and Science
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